Ethnographical collections from East Greenland. 341 



of bone for want of iron. The kaj'akers are not very experienced in the 

 art of righting tliemsclves, or rising to the surface with the help of tJieir 

 paddle on being capsized, but thej^ frequently practise swimming as a means 

 of rescue in that case. Nobody knew anything of ruins of buildings con- 

 structed bj^ former inhabitants of the country of a race different from their 

 own. The strong current which runs along the coast often carries the drift 

 out of sight in a single day. Several tales are told of wrecked ships having 

 been seen in the ice, and formerly dead whales not infrequently drifted 

 ashore, offering an opportunity of getting fishing-lines from whale-bone. 

 According to the statements here given we have reason to suppose that 

 Angmagsalik is situated not far beyond the northernmost point reached 

 by Graah on his exploring expedition." 



In 1880 G. Holm journeyed in the Julianehaab district in South 

 Greenland to iuA^estigate the Icelandic ruins from the middle ages. 

 At the same time he sought for information regarding the east 

 coast from the visiting eastlanders^). He learnt, among other things, 

 that these came no longer as in earlier times to barter with the 

 westlanders on the small island Aluk far south on the east coast, 

 but now journeyed right round to Ilua (Pamiagdluk) on the w^est 

 coast to trade directly with the Europeans. In Ilua he himself met 

 with an eastlander called Inuk, who belonged to Tingmiarmiut at 

 62° 45' N. lat., but who had passed two winters still further north, 

 at Umivik 64° 30' N. lat. He gave the names of 10 inhabited places 

 further north than his home, most of them unknown from Graah's 

 expedition, among them Angmagsalik (first known from Rosing's 

 account and spelt in accordance with Kleinschmidt's orthography). 

 Inuk had not himself been at this place but 'had heard about it 

 and reckoned it to be 4 days journey north of Umivik, having the 

 midnight sun 5 times in the summer. He mentioned a still more 

 northerly inhabited place, Kelalualik, but could say but little about 

 it. He had heard it said, that there were possibly people living 

 still further north; for on long sledge journeys from there north- 

 wards tracks of sledges had been seen. Sledging with dogs was 

 more common to the north than the south of his settlement and 

 almost all winter hunting was said to be carried on by means of 

 the sledge at the northernmost places. On the more southerly part 

 of the coast there was only a large fjord (Kangerdlugsuatsiak) at 

 60° 30', where the Greenlanders, who travelled south from Ilua, 

 were accustomed to carry on the seal hunting with sledges on 

 the ice. 



In the following year Holm fell in with three umiaks with 

 eastlanders from Tingmiarmiut and Umanak (62° 5Г N. lat.) journeying 

 southAvards at Nunatsuk on the east coast (60° 4' N. lat.). He learnt, 



1) Holm in "Meddelelser om Grønland" VI (second edition 1894) pp. 65 — 69. 



