Ethnographical collections from East Greenland. 373 



side. At the same time the manœuvre is accompanied by certain 

 cries, between shout and words, which mean "right", "left", "get 

 on" etc. ^). Well-trained dogs can almost be guided by cries alone; 

 the most difficult thing is to get them to stop. 



On the seat of the sledge is fixed a sealskin, firmly attached by 

 means of a long thong slung round the ends of the cross-pieces (the 

 thong, but no skin, is to be seen in fig. 71). The baggage (or animal 

 captured) is tied on the seat at the back of the sledge between the 

 uprights by means of a special strap for the purpose. Along the 

 left side of the sledge are two loops, in which the special lance 

 is hung, before the hunter sets out in the tracks of the bear. 



Dogs' harness and traces (fig. 73). The technical name of a 

 dog's harness is ane, W4th suffix aniwa (plural aniwän) 'its (their) 

 harness'. The harness, which is shown uppermost in the figure, has 

 the underside turned outwards. It consists of two wide, fixed loops 

 of leather, joined at three places by thinner cross-straps; one of 

 these lies over the neck of the dog, the second under the neck, the 

 third under the breast. When the dog is to be harnessed (each dog 

 has its own special harness, sewn by the wife of the hunter), its 

 head is inserted through the opening between the upper cross-strap 

 and the two lower held together, then its fore-paws are lifted 

 through the loops, so as to come outside. When the harness is 

 pulled tight, the meeting-point of the two loops reaches over the 

 back almost to the tail. From here a short strap (pitiwa) continues 

 the harness backwards and in its end is a bone toggle {scinnialaa, 

 figs. 77 and 79b), which is buttoned into a small bight on the end of 

 the trace. At the other end of the trace hangs a heavy, roundish 

 piece of bone (orsseq) with two transverse holes (figs. 76 and 79 a). 

 The trace (noqaataq) is fixed through the one hole. The other 

 hole is used, when all the dogs are in the end to be spanned to 

 the sledge, these toggles being assembled on a specially strong cross- 

 strap (nuppisad), which hangs between the runners under the front 

 cross-beam in the seat. This strap is tied at the one side of the 

 sledge with knots, but free at the other side. Thus, the driver can 

 always loosen it quickly, when it is a matter of letting the dogs 

 free at a moment's notice (for example, when bear-hunting). It is a 

 simpler principle than that found in West Greenland, where the 

 cross-strap is fastened at both ends and divided in the middle, the 



1) Compare the North-West Greenlanders' Eskimo cries to the dogs of the sledge 

 I have noted (1904) p. 326. 



