Ethnographical collections from East Greenland. 377 



bourhood of the house. Only the females are given their freedom, 

 when they are about to have puppies and so long as they have 

 these; during this time they keep to the house entrance and inside 

 the huts, where the puppies are often born under one of the window 

 platforms. 



In West Greenland the dogs are not tied up, except among the 

 Smith Sound Eskimo. But they keep as a rule to the house where 

 their owner lives and from which they are fed. In summer they 

 are placed out on an island. 



Dog-houses of snow are sometimes built (г7^ешгуад' = West Green- 

 land iLLUwigaq), a dome-shaped building of large, square blocks cut 

 from the frozen snow. (Gulls and ravens are sometimes caught in 

 snow-houses of similar form). — As the name indicates, this con- 

 struction is only an imitation of the human snow-houses, which are 

 known from the Central Eskimo districts and from Smith Sound, 

 but have fallen out of use as human dwellings in the subarctic 

 regions. 



The umiak or women's boat (see pp. 42 — 44, cf. 185—186, and 

 figs. 32 and 81—85). — 



Technical names: aa^Htaarin (West Greenland iimiaq) the large 

 skinboat rowed by women; ipuiin oars for rowing; iputaai its (the 

 boat's) oars; isitsaa shaft of the oar; mulia blade of the oar; aijée^^taa 

 steering-oar; napaa^^taa wooden peg on the side of the rowing-oar 

 for fastening it in the loop; ipuserpiät loops fastened alohg the gun- 

 wale between the seats for holding the oars (instead of wooden 

 tholes), oar-grommets; itcoraai the seats in the boat; kittiwa, plur. 

 kittiwän the stem and stern heads, especially the short seat between 

 the "horns" of the umiak; kannai the "horns", or protruding ends, 

 of the gunwales; aawicin, aawieerqaaij framework, skeleton of the 

 boat; napalerV^^aai side-ribs, futtocks; qutaaij (qulaaij) the upper- 

 most horizontal beam forming the gunwale; toopia the broad side 

 beam next to the gunwale, having its ends lashed and mortised into 

 the side branches of stem and stern; qoqaa^^^taa the short and 

 narrow side beam between toopia and the bottom ; akiwa (plur. 

 akiwän) the nethermost side beam forming the edge of the bottom; 

 qilercia the median beam of the bottom, the keelson; nammia, plur. 

 nammiän cross-pieces of the bottom; sooa, cooa stem of the boat; 

 aqïiva stern nee"^taa the special constructions of stem and stern (a 

 crooked branch, or imitation of a crooked branch, the nether part 



