Ethnographical collections from East Greenland. 



385 



keel and sides at the bottom is arranged similarly to that 

 of the umiak". His careful description of the kaiak is in 

 full accord with this^). The same is true of the Smith 

 Sound kaiak ^). But for the western Eskimo of Hudson 

 Bay, Boas states that the Kinipetu and Aivilik Eskimo's 

 kaiak differs from the kaiak of Davis Strait and Baffin 

 Bay in having a rounded bottom. ''Instead ot the flat 

 bottom described above, the kayak has rounded ribs, 

 which are attached to eight longitudinal strips"^). 



If we consider the section of the kaiak and the form 

 of the man-hole, the Greenland kaiak agrees almost fully 

 with the kaiak of the Aivilik and Kinipetu Eskimo; only 

 the present kaiak of the Smith Sound Eskimo is a copy 



of that of the Cumberland 

 Sound Eskimo on Baffin Land '^). 



Fig. 89. Bone end of a kaialt 



paddle (corner repaired) from 



Nualik. (Amdrup coll.). Ч». 



The paddle (fig. 88) — 

 paa}"tin — is at the present 

 day of the same type at Am- 

 massalik as the West Green- 

 landers'. It is provided at both 

 ends with thin bone edges 

 and a small cap of bone 

 (kättua), which is square or 

 nearly semicircular with three rounded edges and one 

 straight (fig. 89). On the surface of the straight edge there 

 are four, narrow, rectangular sockets into which the wooden 

 end of the paddle is mortised; the part fitted in is shaped 

 like four square tongue-like pegs. Further, the bone caps 

 are nailed on to these pegs or series of tongues by trans- 

 verse bone nails. The handle part of the paddle is elliptic 

 in section; the blades are quite flat. One paddle measured 

 was 206 cm. long, another (found by Amdrup at the 

 "dead house") was 200 cm. long. 



When rowing the paddle is held in both hands, not 

 (as at Cape York) resting on the front part of the wooden 

 ring of the man-hole^), but free in the air in front of the 



M Turner (1894) p. 237. 



2) Kroeber (1899), pp. 272—273, figs. 3—4; Boas (1901) p. 12. 



«) Boas (1901—1907) p. 76, and figs. 105—106. 



*) Boas (1901) fig. 105 (p. 77) and fig. 1 (p. 10). The Smith Sound 



kaiak has been introduced in recent years from Baffin Land. 

 5) Steensby (1910) p. 358, and fig. 36. 



Fig. 88. 



Kaiak paddle 



from Nualik. 



(Amdrup 



coll.). I|l2. 



XXXIX. 



25 



