434 W. Thalbitzer 



and Murdoch ^) for hauling dead seals or other heavy weight over 

 the snow or ice. The hinged toggle has thus obtained here quite a 

 different use from that we know in East Greenland, but the construc- 

 tion of the head is also of quite a different form. The East Green- 

 land harpoon toggle turns round an axis within the walls of a groove 

 made in the uppermost part of the shank, whereas the head of the 

 other type has itself on the under side a deep groove, which fits 

 over the end of the shank and thus turns on the ends of the axis 

 instead of on the middle of this^). 



The bladder dart, fig. 105 (attikkat, West Greenland аьидад), 

 which has its place on the fore part of the kaiak deck is used for 

 attacking small seals, or it may be birds or salmon. It is thrown 

 by means of a narrow throwing stick. Its characteristic adjunct 

 is a small bladder (nakeetwaa), made from the crop of a sea-gull, 

 which is placed on the hindmost part of the shaft, where it is lashed 

 on the top of a thin bone holder or peg with tube-like interior 

 through which the bladder is blown up. In the Amdrup collection 

 there is such a bone holder or tube from Nualik, 9*4 cm. long (fig. 

 125). The foot of this cylindrical piece of bone has a blade-shaped 

 expansion with oblique bevelling and through this part there are 

 two holes for fixing it on to the wooden shaft of the dart. The 

 upper, thicker part of the holder contains a bent tube with a term- 

 inal and a lateral opening, and only the latter remains outside when 

 the bladder is bound about the upper end of the holder. When the 

 bladder is blown up through the opening on the side of the tube, 

 this opening is closed by means of a small wooden stopper. The 

 bladder does not hang quite free on the holder, but is loosely girded 

 by a single or double loop (of whalebone or quill strips), which 

 keeps it in place on the shaft (fig. 105). 



The throwing of the weapon is made by means of the throwing 

 stick, the narrow hind end of which is provided with a globular 

 bone hook which pushes against another similar peg on the shaft 

 end. The details of this contrivance are alike for the bladder dart 

 and bird dart (see under the throwing sticks p. 442). 



If the head after striking remains hanging in the animal, the 

 bladder keeps the butt end of the shaft above the surface and shows 

 the hunter, where he can reach his prey. 



1) Murdoch (1892) p. 257, fig. 257. 



-) From this I may correct a mistake in O. Mason's Aboriginal American Har- 

 poons 1 1900). His fig. 23 (p. 238) "hinged toggle head' does not belong to 

 G. Holm's collection and cannot be of East Greenland origin, but is probably 

 from West Greenland and of the same type as that I have illustrated from 

 Ffaff's collection. It is thus not as he describes (p. 237), the iiead of a liinged 

 lance, but is presumably the toggle part of a drag line. 



