Ethnographical collections from East Greenland. 485 



lance heads; for riveting the bone barb on the broad bone hook 

 inserted in the hind end of the throwing stick of the feather har- 

 poon in fig. 148 and on the repaired corner of the bone cap of the 

 kaiak oar in fig. 89. In the last two cases, where parts of the same 

 material, namely bone, were joined together, at least two or three 

 of the rivets used are of copper (brass). 



Further, almost all the borers land drills found have points of 

 iron. Both in these and in the harpoon blades the iron piece is 

 wedged into a slit or cleft, and as a rule small pieces of iron are 

 afterwards wedged into the space between the iron and the wall of 

 the slit to secure the fixing. The borer points are of very different 

 thickness; the finest are said to be used to bore eyes in sewing 

 needles. 



Sewing needles of iron have not been found at Nualik. But 

 according to the Ammassalikers it was clearly seen from the deepl}' 

 excised back edge of one of the ulo blades, that iron splinters had 

 been chipped from it to make needles (cf. pp. 35 and 509—510). 

 In the same way it has been the custom to chip pieces from flat 

 iron, w^hen sewdng needles were wanted; the iron was sometimes 

 firmly wedged into a groove in a bone to get a better purchase, 

 when chipping splinters from it (fig. 238). 



The following is a list of the objects in the Amdrup collection from 

 Nualik which are of iron or joined together with iron or copper rivets. 

 Amdrup collection no. 207 iron pick of a whip handle (fig. 75b), no. 273 bone 

 cap of kaiak oar (fig. 89), nos. 310—318, 326-327, 11 harpoon heads (rivets, 

 band, blade of iron) (figs. 132, 135 c, £/,Д nos. 334 — 335, loose shafts of harpoon 

 (fig. 119a), no. 342 knob (iron) of knob harpoon, no. 350 inserted head of loose 

 shaft of lance (fig. 120), no. 351 head and shank (iron, European manufacture) 

 of loose shaft of lance (fig. 121), no. 356 foreshaft of ice sealing harpoon with 

 iron ferrule (fig. 123), no. 362 Ihead of bird dart (fig. 122), no. 375 basal hook 

 of throwing stick (fig. 148), nos. 456—462 seven knives with iron blades 

 (fig. 198), no. 463 knife made from a wrencli, nos. 464—465 two saws with iron 

 blades (fig. 199), no. 466 pick or celt of iron (fig. 201), nos. 467—475 nine borers 

 and drills (figs. 202—203), nos. 480—481 two iron borers, one made from a 

 file, no. 482 hammer with iron head (fig. 200), nos. 483—485 three borers for 

 ej^es of sewing needles, no. 486 triangular piece of hoop iron, material for 

 sewing needles (fig. 238), nos. 489-493 ulos with iron blades (figs. 227—228), 

 nos. 656 — 658 a wrench, a knife blade and a wedge of iron. 



Among the objects found by Amdrup north of Nualik there are only 

 three which contain iron, namely from Cape Tobin (70° 24' N. lat.) : no.3 har- 

 poon head with iron blade, no. 77 drill stick with iron point, and no. 79 

 crooked knife with iron blade (hoop iron has been used in all these) ^). 

 Further south a knife blade of iron was found in a grave on Depot Island 

 (66° 06' N. tat.). 



^) Illustrations of these three objects are given in ni}' description of the northern 

 finds (1909), pp. 347, 453, 455 (figs. 2, 47, 48). 



