Ethnographical collections from East Greenland. 549 



two bone-beads. Ь is a similar cup of wood, the rim is strengthened 

 with inlaid pieces of ivory. 



Technical names. The various shapes of scoops and spoons 

 have different names according to their different use. I am unable 

 to give a complete account thereof, but I have noted the following 

 designations: imarteen dipper, small scoop (for drinking water); errjut 

 (or enjuceq) dipper (for drinking water), drinking cup; ilaa^n large 

 scoop (for drinking water or for blubber or for baling a boat); 

 akkeesifnj or atteesi(nj large ladle for serving soup, boiled meat, or 

 blood; qatiwaaisarter blubber spoon of bone or horn (for pouring 

 blubber into the lamp); nuniaarteeflijn spoon for eating berries etc.; 

 atcät(tjaat 'implement for upsetting something, turning it upside 

 down,' used as — 1, a meat turner, bone fork for turning the meat 

 in the pot; — 2, a fish-slice (spoon with a broad flat blade with 

 holes for ladling fish out of the pot); — 3, a caplin scoop or dip- 

 net (p. 467). 



Water and urine-tubs (pp. 38-39, figs. 276—284, cf. figs. 46— 

 47). — The difference between these utensils, namely, the, presence 

 of a cross-piece as handle in the first-named and its absence in the 

 latter has already been pointed out by G. Holm's description here 

 in the book. The handle is a thin, often slightly curved stick, the 

 ends of which are mortised in two opposite ears or prolongations 

 of the staves. Common to both urine- and water-tubs are the pieces 

 of bone or ivory inserted in the upper rim and fastened with bone 

 or wooden nails, partly to hold the staves together (to make up for 

 hoops) partly to strengthen the rims and prevent them fraying. 

 How the bottoms are fastened is seen in figs. 278 and 279. The 

 bottom generally consists of one piece; besides being grooved into 

 the staves, it is nailed with wooden pegs through the lower part of 

 the staves. Through one of the staves of the water-tubs in figs. 279 

 and 280b a sucking- pipe has been inserted and the ivory mouth 

 piece is seen projecting on the middle of the rim. The pipe lying 

 as an elongated rounded swelling on the inner side of the stave 

 reaches down to the bottom, where there is a hole through which 

 the water may penetrate up into it. Several of the tubs (even the 

 urine-tub in fig. 277) have ornamented sides, e. g. ivory reliefs re- 

 presenting seals, whales, human beings, that are nailed on. 



The same is the case with the two drinking cups in fig. 281, which are 

 very richly decorated in a similar waj'^; here not only seals can be seen but 

 man, wife and children, kaiaks, a narwhal, white whale, bear, birds etc. (cf. 

 pp. 118 and 120). They are of the same shape as the water-buckets (cf. under 

 pertaq-yessels) and must probably be considered as miniature buckets used 

 as drinking-cups. Fig. 281a is at any rate quite unique. Otherwise the pre- 

 viously mentioned wooden-scoops are used as drinking cups, a is made of 



