Ethnographical collections from East Greenland. 575 



is much used as winter clothing at Ammassalilc as well as at Smith 

 Sound. 



The ornamental stripes on the outer frocks at Ammassalik are 

 made by sewing narrow strips of white skin (bear or dog, often 

 with the hair cut short) in between the seams ^). Often the strips 

 are double and alternate with dark ones which are produced by 

 the white fur strips being sewn on broader bands of unhaired skin 

 (black or brownish). The fur strips are often laid in parallel rows 

 overlapping each other. — Also the surface of the inner frocks, 

 which have the fur side in towards the body, is often embroidered 

 with thin threads or narrow strips of dried gullet of seal or intest- 

 ines of dog, which are first shred out and dyed in blood so as to 

 become black, or reddish black. 



The kaiak-frocks. — The waterproof shirt of gutskin (with 

 hood) is a common part of the Eskimo apparel, especially used 

 in the kaiak in wet or rough weather. It is however not inen- 

 tioned from the Central Eskimo nor from the people living at Baf- 

 fin Land, but on the other hand we hear of it from the region 

 round Ungava on the north coast of Labrador, first in Charlevoix 

 (1744), later in Turner (with illustrations)^). It is made of long 

 straight strips of the longitudinally split intestines of the bearded 

 seal sewn together with sinew thread. Between Labrador and Point 

 Barrow in Alaska they are probably not used. Those described from 

 the latter place agree with the Greenland ones^), and it is stated 

 expressly that they are used by men as well as women, as is also 

 the case at Ammassalik (fig. 298). 



The gutskin shirt of the Ammassalikers is often embroidered 

 with narrow strips of black unhaired skin sewn on with threads. 

 It is usually made up of 8 long and broad strips sewn together by 

 four seams at the front and four at the back; the hood is simply 

 the prolongation of the middle piece of the back. The shoulder 

 pieces are set in separately and their two pointed flaps reach down 

 on the back. 



The two other kinds of kaiak-frock are unknown outside Green- 

 land. They are not even known from Smith Sound but are restricted 

 to the middle and southern part of both coasts, where they have 

 thus probably originated. They are seen in figs. 296— 297 and 299 a-b. 



The waterproof kaiak-frock of black seal-skin leather is men- 



^) Graah (1832) p. 120 adds that the frocks are ti'immed with a fur collar made of 

 the skins of dog, bear, fox or raven. 



2) Charlevoix (1744), cited above; Turner (1894) pp. 220—221, fig. 45. 



3) Murdoch (1892) p. 122; Nelson (1899) p. 36. A similar man's fish-skin frock 

 from South Alaska is mentioned by Nelson (1899) pp. 36—37; cf. PI. XIX. In 

 Greenland over-coats made of salmon skins to be used by boys are mentioned 

 by Glahn (1771) p. 204. 



