Ethnographical collections from East Greenland. 



607 



a 



(the bitches with puppies are allowed to run loose) that follow them 



out to the place and devour the excrement. The dogs act as scav- 

 engers to the people, but dog excrement 



lies everywhere round the house. The 



use of toilet moss has been mentioned 



p. 527. 



The hair-cutting of the few men who 



had their long hair cut short was in earlier 



times accomplished by means of knives 



made of sharks' teeth (fig. 187). The beard 



is generally pulled out (shaving is unknown) 



but some men neglected this and had a 



thin beard under the nose and round the 



chin^). Further south on the same coast 



Holm met the strongly bearded Navfalik 



(fig. 60). 



Outside Greenland beard- 

 ed, often strongly bearded 

 Eskimo are mentioned by 

 many authors from earlier 

 and more recent times. I may 

 cite here Charlevoix's descrip- 

 tion of the Eskimo he saw in 

 1720 on the south coast of 

 Labrador, who probably just 

 on account of their thick 

 beard impressed him as being 

 very wild^). 



"II est presque le seul de 

 tous les Peuples connues de 

 l'Amérique où les Hommes ayant 

 de la Barbe, & ils Font si épaisse 

 jusqu'aux Yeux, qu'on a peine à 

 découvrir quelques Traits de 

 leur Visage. Ils ont d'ailleurs je 

 Fig. 334. ^^ sçai quoi d'affreux dans l'Air, 



? 

 w 



Fig. 333. Three bone combs 

 from Nualik. (Amdrup coll.). 



Back-scratcher, ^e petits Yeux effarés, des Dents larges & fort sales, des Che- 

 (HolmcolL). 1|б. veux ordinairement noirs, quelquefois blonds, fort en désordre, 

 & tout l'extérieur fort brute." 

 Regarding the beards of the western Eskimo I may refer to 

 Parry, Lyon, Kirby, Richardson etc.^). 



1) Graah (1832) p. 119. 



2) Charlevoix (1744) p. 178—179. 



3) Parry (1824) p. 494; Lyon (1824) p. 40. Cf. also Bancroft, Native Races I, p. 47; 

 A. E. Nordenskiöld (1885) p. 461. 



