G80 W. Thalbitzer 



the three types he sets up as the result are not exhaustive nor co-equal. The 

 ."transitional type" is not common to all the Eskimo (see above), i. e. not typi- 

 cal; the "primitive type" contains essential features, bub brings together all 

 the features characteristic of the Eskimo ulo, so that the whole develop- 

 mental history is in reality adumbrated in this one type; naturally the trading 

 with Europeans within recent times has given rise to one or more new types, 

 which the author has called "the definite ideal-form" and "the highly developed 

 type", but these are not true Eskimo implements and the interest possibly con- 

 nected with the development of this third "type" has nothing to do with the com- 

 prehension of the development of the primitive ulos. In this regard Solberg's 

 work has contributed more to an understanding of the ancient forms and varie- 

 ties of the women's knife and its position among the stone implements,. 



To p. 5U. 



Needle-cases. — An illustration in Middendorf's Reise^) shows a needle- 

 case from the region of the Tungus which closely agrees with the Eskimo type 

 of needle-cases. The author is of opinion, that it originates from the Giläk tribe 

 at the mouth of the Amur and sees in the peculiar type of carved ornamen- 

 tation the influence of the culture of the Pacific Islanders. It is a tube-shaped, 

 beautifully rounded bone; in the lower part of the strap (which is twice as 

 long as the tube) two needles are seen; two bone pegs, one at each end of the 

 strap, prevent this from sliding out of the tube. 



To рад. 5A2. 



The names Eskimo and Qallunaat. — I find in Petitot^) that the 

 northernmostAlgonkins near the Athabasca Sea, the Crées called the Eskimo Wi- 

 yasMmowok 'raw-meat-eaters' and Ayiskiméwok 'those who do things in secrecy, 

 the deceitful'. We have hereby gained confirmation that we must look for the 

 explanation of the name in the language of the neighbouring people, the Algon- 

 kins, but that on the other hand there may be some doubt about which of the 

 two names have been made the basis of the European form of the name. 



At the same place Petitot also points out that the Eskimo near the mouth 

 of the Mackenzie River call "the whites" Qablunet (singl. Qablunaq) and he de- 

 rives the word from qablut 'eye-brows' and qablunaq 'a frontal or coronal bone' 

 which he takes to be a paraphrase for the hats of the Europeans which appeared 

 very strange to the Eskimo. This explanation of the name thus in reality con- 

 tains two explanations, for eye-brows and head-gear are not the same thing; but 

 if in reality the Mackenzie River dialect contains a word qablunaq with the 

 above-mentioned meaning, the latter explanation would seem very probable. 

 It is at any rate of interest to find in the middle of the last century the name 

 Qablunaq, which from olden times is known to have had the same meaning in 

 Greenland (qaLLunaaq), so far towards the west; thus it must be an old name 

 in the Eskimo language used in common about the Europeans or about people 

 resembling them very much and who lived to the east. In their old tales 

 about the Norse-Icelandic settlers the Greenlanders do not call these QaLLu- 

 naait (phonetically more correctly spelt than Egede's Kablunet, Kleinschmidt's 

 kavdlunat), but QaLLunaaitsiaait 'half-Qalhunaat, approximately Europeans^). 



2) Middendorf (1875) Vol. IV, p. 1529. 



2) Petitot (1876) pp. IX— XI. 



^) Strangel\' enough this name is not found in the first dictionaries from the 18th 

 century but later in Kleinschmidt. On the other Iiand, it occurs constantly in 

 tiie lirst records of the Greenland tales about the Norsemen, sec Kaladlit okaluk- 



