Ethnographical collections from East Greenland. 727 



culture, i. e. common to all the Greenlanders (or most of them), but 

 not known outside Greenland. With those I have already mentioned 

 I may bring together here the principal of these typical features 

 which characterize Greenland: (1) the sledges constructed with a 

 couple of wooden uprights behind, (2) the kaiaks with receptacles 

 or stands for the coiled sealing line, which are raised from the deck 

 on three legs, (3) the harpoon and lance shafts provided with flat 

 bone caps nailed on the front end (instead of with pear-shaped fore- 

 shafts), (4) the lances with long flexible bone head as also the "loose 

 shaft" of the harpoon, (5) the bladder dart provided with a fixed 

 bone-head (now iron) instead of a loose ^), (6) the feather harpoon 

 provided with a couple of bone feathers or plates as counterpoise, 

 (7) throwing sticks of special type used in conjunction with the kaiak 

 harpoons (and lances), (8) the throwing stick for slinging the knob 

 harpoon or lance with holes to fit the shaft pegs or spurs not only 

 in the front part but also behind (instead of a peg or spur corres- 

 ponding to a hole or excavation in the butt of the shaft), the last 

 hole elliptical in outline so that the peg may more easily slip off 

 on casting, (9) double-edged knives for hair cutting with edges of 

 shark's teeth, (10) the combined frock of the kaiak man, consisting 

 of a short anorak with arms and a skirt made of stiff black leather, 

 which is bound fast round the rim of the man-hole, (11) the wom- 

 ens' anoraks with pointed and relatively short flaps in front and 

 behind, (12) the women's mode of hair-dressing, a single tuft wound 

 round with a band, (13) the women's ear-drops, (14) the 8-shaped 

 buzz (square or discoid outside Greenland), (15) series of ornamental 

 rings carved round the hafts of bodkins, men's knives, stilettos, 

 wound-plugs etc^). 



Several more typical features could without doubt be discovered 

 on further investigation and access to more complete material (both 

 Greenlandic and extraneous). But the features mentioned show al- 

 ready, how decidedly the material culture of the Ammassalikers lies 

 within the "domestic circle" of Greenland. 



In this summary I have avoided mentioning the implements and 

 features, which are not characteristic of the culture of Greenland but 

 common to wider areas of the Eskimo world. It might also be of 

 interest to discover, how far these more general features reach be- 



1) It is only at Smith Sound that the bladder dart has a flexible bone-head at- 

 tached to the foreshaft. 



2) Examples of such ring carving are seen in figs. 151b, 168a etc.; it is mentioned 

 in connection with the knives p. 475. Bodkins with carved rings from a more 

 northern part of the east coast are present in the Amdrup collection, Inv. nos. 

 33-44, see my Description (1909) fig. 18, cf. figs. 92—93. 



