42 
GEOGRAPHIC LIT ERA TURE 
political questions, it still bestows some attention on the fauna and flora, 
and it would have been well if these subjects had been referred to some 
of the eminent British naturalists who are so well qualified to speak on 
these topics. 
National Geographic Monographs, published under the auspices of the 
National Geographic Society. Pp. .S36, illustrated. New York : 
American Book Co. 1895. $1.40. 
The first series, comprising Nos. 1-10, ends with December. It consists- 
of memoirs by Powell, Shaler, Russell, Willis, Diller, Davis, Gilbert, and 
Hayes on geographic topics of primary importance. All geographers will 
find much that is interesting and instructive in these memoirs, but to- 
American teachers and students they will be especially valuable. They 
have been published by the American Book Company in the hope that 
memoirs by authors ranking among the most eminent of American scien- 
tists would by their intrinsic worth and scientific interest advance the- 
cause of higher education in the United States. 
I'ihet. Notes on the Ethnology of Tibet. Based on Collections in the 
United States National Museum. By W. W. Rockhill. Report of United 
States National IMuseum for 189.3. Pp. 665-747, pis. 1-52. Washingtoiir 
1895. 
Readers of these interesting pages will be gratified that so extensive a, 
collection from this comparatively unknown country has been made by 
the National IMuseum. It is fortunate that the description of the different 
objects has fallen into the hands of one so competent by acquirements and 
experience as Mr Rockhill. 
Chili. Republique de Chili. Cartes commerciales, physiques, etc. Par 
F. Bianconi. Librairie Chaix. Paris, 1895. 
A valuable addition to the Chaix series, giving the latest information 
regarding the agricultural and mineral resources, commerce, railways,, 
etc., of Chili, with a map, 1:2,500,000, embodying the latest surveys. 
Special Consular Reports, Vol. 12 — Highways of Commerce. The ocean- 
lines, railways, canals, and other trade routes of foreign countries. 
Washington, 1895. Pp. 763, with 9 maps. 
A timely publication, whose value is materially increased by a nundier 
of ma])s, of which the most important sliow the railways of IMexico, Si- 
beria, Natal, and India. Some of the data, as seems unavoidable in Gov- 
ernment publications, are nearly two years old. The railway mileage of 
the world on December 31, 1894, was 423,923, of which 189,576 were in the 
TTuited States. At the end of 1892 tlie mileage of the princijial countries 
and the average cost per mile as given by the German Minister of Publie 
Works were as follows : United States, 174,747 miles, $.59,300; Germany, 
27,451 miles, $95,200; France, 24,014 miles, $131,900; Great Britain and 
Ireland, 20,321 miles, $131,000; Russia, 19,622 mile.s, $90,400; Austria- 
Hungary, 17,621 miles, $95,400 ; Canada and other British American prov- 
