BURE A V OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY IN 1S95 
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are recorded in rude conventional s^unbols, the years being indi- 
cated by conspicuous symbols for the winter season, in conse- 
cpienceof which the records are sometimes denominated “ winter 
counts.” IMr Mooney Avas able to collect a considerable number 
of these calendars, which are of special interest as records of the 
history and migrations of the tribe during the last half century. 
From the records and from accompanying verbal statements, 
carefully checked by comparing different accounts, it is learned 
that this tribe of the plains is among the widest wanderers of 
their race. Although their original hal)itat was in the middle 
plains, they were accustomed to send parties on trading and ma- 
rauding expeditions eastward into the trans-Mississippi forests, 
Avestward into and be3''ond the Rocky mountains, nortliAvard to 
the SaskatcheAA'an, and soutliAvard over the deserts of northern 
Mexico as far as Durango, and even across tlie Sierra Madre to 
the vicinity of the Pacific, near Mazatlan. These records of tlie 
KioAva calendars explain the Avide distribution of primitive art 
products over the United States and corroborate the evidence of 
Avidely scattered obsidian, copper, sea shells, etc., as to the extent 
of aboriginal commerce. 
A notalffe expedition of the season Avas that of Dr .J. M^alter 
FeAAdces,Avho explored the little-knoAvn canyons of the Mogollon 
escar])inent in central Arizona and aftei’Avard made extensive 
collections of prehistoric pottery near Kearns canyon. While on 
the headwaters of the Rio Verde, along the face of the great escar])- 
ment, he Avas so fortunate as to discover extensive ruins of clitf- 
bouses, some of Avhich shoAved no evidence of exploration, and 
from these considerable collections of interesting archeologic ma- 
terial Avere made. His principal results AA^ere obtained at the 
preliistoric pueblo of Sikyatki, near Kearns canyon. Here, in 
com])an}' Avith Mr F. ^\^ Hodge, he excavated a ruin known from 
tradition, as Avell as from the collection of objects discovered, 
to be prehistoric. A large quantity of finely decorated pottery 
AA’ith a.ssociated objects aa^is obtained. The pt)ttery includes 
many examples of the finest grade of aboriginal work in texture, 
finisli, and decoration. The collection, Avhich com[)rises nearly 
7IH) eartheiiAvare utensils, beside numerous objects of Avood, stone, 
bone, etc., has been brought to Washington and is now in tlie 
National Museum. Competent judges are of opinion that it is 
the finest single collection of prehistoric pottery thus far made 
on the Western Hemisphere. 
After leaA’ing Sikyatki .Mr Hodge made a tour of the pueblos 
