174 
AFEICA SIXCE 1SS8 
ficient business to enable these roads to pay operating expenses, 
nor can the trade be materially increased until the natives ac- 
(piire the habits and wants of civilized life and are willing to 
labor and raise the products that will grow in the tropics and 
exchange them for the goods and wares of Europe and America. 
This change is slowly taking jdace. The mercantile agencies 
must and do employ native traders and native labor. All the 
work in the tropics is performed by Africans ; men whose fathers 
never saw or heard of white men are building railroads and tele- 
graphs and carrying great loads from the interior to the coast ; 
some are in suj)erior positions, in charge of stores and telegraph- 
offices or steamboats ; some receive regular wages ; others are 
paid in clothing or spirits. 
The European can })robably live in the high plateaus of Abys- 
sinia, in the Lake region, and in southern Africa, where, from 
the elevation, he would have a Euro])ean or temperate climate. 
Southeastern and central South Africa have a temperate climate, 
are generally well watered, and the land is capable of cultiva- 
tion b}’ irrigation. In this region the mineral wealth is large, 
and it is connected with the Indian ocean and South Atlantic by 
railroads now in operation. There seems to be no physical cause 
to ]irevent these regions from becoming the homes of numbers 
of Euro{)eans beside the present occupants. 
In America the Indians or natives have invariably given ]dace 
to the white man and have been generally exterminated. Will 
tlie negroes or natives of Africa retire before the European ? Let 
us consider South Africa tlie ])ortion of the continent most favor- 
able to tbe white man. The slave trade and the constant wars 
between the natives have been stopped ; the Kaffirs have ex- 
clianged the brutal rule of the savage for the beneficent govern- 
ment of the Euro]>ean, and have l)ecome freemen, endowed with 
an absolute title to their homes and to any ipro}ierty they may 
acquire. They cultivate the fields of the Boer ; they work in 
the diamond and gold mines; the}’ own large herds of cattle, 
and, compelled to give up their nomad life, the}’ have com- 
menced tilling the ground for themselves. 
Instead of white day laborers, as in Europe and America, the 
English in South Africa employ the Kaffir. As a result the native 
population is increasing with accelerated rapidity. It is already 
many times more numerous than the European and the disparity 
is constantly and rapidly increasing. The Kaffir lives more 
cheaply and works for less wages than the white man. The only 
