GEOGRAPHIC RELATION OF THE THREE AMERICAS 175 
Europeans required, or for whom there is room or occupation, 
are the OAvner and the OA’erseer, the mechanic and tlie engineer. 
In another generation the Kaffir Avill fill most of these places, 
and there Avill l)e no Avork or ])Osition in the interior for the 
Englishman. The capitalist, the manufacturer, the merchant, 
and the trader will liA’e in the cities. 
First the Hottentots AAxre expelled by the Bantus ; then the 
Bantus AA'ere drh'en into the interior by the Boers ; the Boer in 
his turn giA^es AA'ay to the Englishman onl}" to be ejected by the 
Kaffir AA'hen he has learned to AAmrk. 
What is true of the Kaffir holds good to a less extent of the 
Bantus and negro tribes in Equatorial Africa. The Arab slaA'e 
dealer has been shorn of his poAA^er ; the slaA^e trade has been 
generally stopped, and with that the prime cause of the interne- 
cine wars. WhereA’er the European rule is established and peace 
assured, improA'ement soon appears in the habits and character 
of the people, AAuth a A’ery rapid increase of the population. 
The Arab, Bantu, and negro must occupy the equatorial re- 
gions of Africa, because the white man cannot liA^e there, and they 
will then, I belieA-e, driA’e out the Europeans from the remainder 
of the continent and we shall see a race A’astly superior to any 
Africans now there and in some respects suiierior to the white 
man. 
FUNDAMENTAL GEOGRAPHIC RELATION OF THE 
THREE AMERICAS 
By Robert T. Hill, 
United Stntea Geological Snrveg 
The earl\' geographers taught that the two American conti- 
nents are i»ractically dominated l)y a continuous cordilleran 
system, running like a liackbone through South America, Central 
America, and North America, connecting the Avhole AA'estern 
l)order of the hemisphere into one great mountain system. 
Modern exi)loration shoAVs that this teaching must be modified. 
The Andean cordilleran belt dominating the AA’estern coast 
of South America trifurcates after crossing the equator, l)euds 
slightly eastAvard, and abruptly terminates in northern Colom- 
l>ia. Oidy one doubtful s[»ur of the Andes touches the coast of 
the .Vmerican .Mediterranean, and this is the Sierra del Marta, 
