THE SEINE, THE MEUSE, AND THE MOSELLE 
229 
fashion often assumed by the valleys of large rivers, but never 
imitated by valley’s of small streams. It is true that the valleys 
of small streams may in the course of time become compara- 
tively wide, but the}^ 
can never develop 
S3’stematically curv- 
ing meanders of 
large radius with 
steep sloping bluffs 
on the ‘outside of 
the curves and long 
sloi»ing spurs on the 
inside of the curves. 
The form of the val- 
ley from Toul to 
Pagny, therefore, at 
once suggests not 
onlv that a stream 
once passed through 
it, but also that the stream was a large one. 
In the second ]>lace, on looking more closely at the topo- 
gra])hic details in the neighborhood of Toul, it is seen that we 
have here a well 
developed elbow 
of c a p t u r e — a 
shar{) l)cnd in the 
river course, inde- 
pendent of local 
rock structure, 
'file Toul makes 
a sharp turn from 
the direction of 
its upper course 
and swings off 
along the course 
f)f the Pompcv to 
the .Moselle, 'flie 
Pompev was once 
inerelv one of 
m a n v s in a 1 1 
branches of the Moselle, of which the neighboring .Ache mav be 
taken as the tvpe; but in consetiuence of adding the large vol- 
