GEOGRAPHIC WORK IN PERU 
407 
millions, both showing a slight increase over the preceding year. As to 
public service in transportation, the total number of passengers carried 
was 507 millions, or, to put the figui-es in another form, tlie number of 
passengers carried one mile was 12,188 millions. This is a decrease from 
the preceding year of 1,200 millions, showing the extent to which the 
depression in business has affected the migrations of the people. On an 
average, every man, woman, and cliild in the country traveled by rail a 
distance of 175 miles during the year. The number of tons of freight 
moved was 697 millions, the numher moved one mile being 85,227 mil- 
lions, an increase of 4,892 millions over the preceding year. The gross 
income of the railroads was 1,075 million dollars, an increase of two 
millions, and the net income 350 millions, an increase of 7.7 millions. 
The dividends declared during the year amounted to 56 millions, or about 
1.1 per cent on the capital stock. H. G. 
GEOGRAPHIC WORK IN PERU 
In sev'eral of the South American republics there are flourishing geo- 
graphic societies. There, as in Russia and a few other countries, the 
geographic organization is a nucleus of general scientific activity, and 
geography becomes tbe foster-mother of various sciences, including 
geology, mineralogy, meteorology, botany, zoology, archeology, ethnology, 
etc. This is eminently true of the “ Sociedad Geografica de Lima,” the 
leading scientific society of Peru. Its active membership is large, vigor- 
ous, and widely distributed, including many of the best known profes- 
sional men and civil and military officers of the country. The ex officio 
president is the President of the Republic, and the ex officio vice-president 
is the Minister of Foreign Affairs ; the present president of the council is 
Dr D. Luis Carranza, F.R.S., a widely known publicist, and the secretary is 
Dr D. Federico Elguera, kinsman of a diplomatic official favorably known 
in Washington. The honorary membership includesseveral active mem- 
bers of the National Geographic Society. The society issues a “ holetin ” 
of which the third trimester of the fifth volume has recently appeared ; 
its contents indicate the Ijreadth of the field occupied hy the so(4ety. The 
oi)ening article is the itinerary of Raimondi — “ El inmortal liaimondi, 
creador de la Geografia Peruana,” as he is styled hy a leading Peruvian 
geograitlier — among the mountains of Iluancayo in I86(i ; the second 
article is an exposition of a graphic method of determining latitudes and 
meridians; the third is the rej)ort of the delegate to the sixth Interna- 
tional Geographic Congress in I.,ondon ; then follows a list of tlie common 
and systematic names of Peruvian plants. Sixteen pages are devoted to 
a description of Peruvian hyilrography, and there is a classic contrihntiou 
to the knowledge of aboriginal linguistic;s occu|tying forty-two of the largo 
octavo pages. \ brief account of the Victoria regia, “ la reina <lcl .Gna- 
zonas ” folhjws, and tiie fascicle ch)ses with a series of elaborate met<‘oro- 
logic records, including the official tables preparnl l)y the National 
Academy of .Medicine. 
