152 The Philippine Journal of Science ms 



claims to increase the virulent material about 70 per cent. His 

 technic is as follows : 



When the infected bovine presents the buccal lesions, usually at the end 

 of the fourth or fifth day of the fever, less commonly at the end of the 

 third, sixth, or seventh, it is immobilized in the stocks and intubed in the 

 jugular and the carotid on the same side. The jugular is put in com- 

 munication with a capacious glass receptacle placed on a level with the 

 head of the animal and containing saline solution, sterilized and at a 

 temperature of 38° to 39°C, leaving the outlet tube of rubber closed by 

 compression of pincers. * * * The carotid is put in communication with 

 the receptacle which receives the pest blood, and the bleeding begins. 



When the convulsions preceding the death-struggle begin, the bleeding 

 should stop. The assistant shuts the tube for drawing the blood with a 

 clamp and opens the tube admitting the sodium-chloride solution; im- 

 mediately the serious symptom-complex changes, the muscular contractions 

 begin to cease, the respiration and pulse that were accelerated become 

 regular and the animal when it has received about as much solution as it 

 has lost blood, enters a period of calm. 



♦ «fc ifc 3J* ♦ ♦ 



We usually inject enough solution to make two and a half times the 

 volume of blood taken, and without ill results. * * * The operation 

 over the animal returns to its shed without assistance. After a lapse of 

 about 5 or 6 hours the animal is bled from the same carotid, this time 

 until it dies. 



By this method Martoglio claims to wash out the blood vessels 

 and lymphatic system and obtain a potent virus. 



Dr. Stanton Youngberg, chief veterinarian, Bureau of Agri- 

 culture, and Dr. D. W. Shaffer, formerly in charge of the Philip 

 C. Whitaker antirinderpest serum laboratory, Manila, have been 

 using a simple method of slightly increasing the production of 

 virulent blood as follows: The injected animal is bled from 2 

 to 4 liters of blood, depending upon its size, on the second day 

 of temperature; the animal is then allowed to stand overnight, 

 during which time the body has an opportunity to replace the 

 volume of the blood lost; on the following day it is bled to 

 death. In the final bleeding practically as much blood in bulk 

 is obtained as would be procured in a single bleeding, which 

 gives an increase in virulent material corresponding to the 

 amount obtained at the initial bleeding. 



TISSUE-EXTRACT METHOD 



Any of the above-mentioned methods can be utilized and an 

 enormous increase of virulent material still be obtained by ex- 

 tracting the organs in a weak phenol solution. To illustrate 

 this point, we shall consider the data obtained from an animal 

 of ordinary size, which was bled to death and from whose tissues 

 extracts were made. 



