xiii, b, g Boynton: Use of Organ Extracts 153 



Batanes bull 4318, bled to death August 24, 1917. 



Amount of virulent blood obtained, 9,000 cubic centimeters. 



Weight of organs from which extracts were made : 



Grams. 



Liver 1,735 



Spleen 350 



Lymphatics 260 



Fourth stomach 320 



Caecum and colon 2,220 



Heart 680 



Total 5,655 



These organs were passed through a meat grinder and placed 

 in twice their bulk of a 0.75 per cent phenol solution; that is, 

 the caecum, colon, and fourth stomach were first thoroughly 

 washed free from faecal matter, then placed in 5 per cent phenol 

 solution for from five to ten minutes, after which they were 

 placed in a large container of boiled water, which was cooled 

 to at least 37° C. These tissues were then allowed to soak in this 

 water for a few minutes to dilute the phenol that remained intact 

 (by this method a greater percentage of the bacteria on the 

 surface of the intestinal mucosa is destroyed) . Following this 

 treatment the tissue was weighed, passed through the meat 

 grinder, and treated in a manner similar to that adopted for the 

 other tissues (5,565 grams of tissue from this animal x2=ll,130 

 cubic centimeters, the amount of phenol solution that should be 

 added) . This material was allowed to extract for three days in 

 the refrigerator, being thoroughly agitated three or four times 

 each day. At the expiration of this period it was filtered through 

 gauze to separate the coarse material, and the filtrate was 

 returned to the refrigerator, ready for use. 



From the above-mentioned animal about 11 liters of extract 

 filtrate were obtained, plus the 9 liters of blood, which makes a 

 total of 20 liters of virulent material ; under ordinary conditions 

 but 9 liters would have been secured. 



If this animal had been handled by the method advanced by 

 Martoglio, a still greater amount of virulent material would 

 have been obtained. Considering that Martoglio obtains a 70 

 per cent increase in the virulent blood, it would bring the total 

 up to 26,300 cubic centimeters, which would practically triple 

 the output of virulent material from this animal, providing it 

 had been merely bled to death. 



Both simultaneous immunization and hyperimmunization have 

 been accomplished with these tissue extracts at the laboratory 

 and in the immunization stations in the provinces. 



