l6 ACCOUNTS, &C., OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 



viously discovered, and aljout 3 feet 6 incl.es below the uppermost step of the latest 

 Temple. On the south side of the site were discovered the remains of a Doric buildinn- 

 which is probably of the same period as the latest Temple. The excavations were extended 

 on the West without yielding any remains of the Temple ; on the East was found an 

 akroterioH from the roof of the Temple. In the exploration of the cella a number of 

 archaic fragments of sculpture were found. In several places the dio-o-ino-s were carried 

 down to the original foundations of the earliest Temple, below which was a layer of char- 

 coal distinctly visible. The presence of this layer confirms the statements of Pliny 

 (Nat. Hist., XXXVI, 21), and Diogenes Laertius (II., 8, 19), that the foundations of the 

 Temple were laid on a bed of charcoal and fleeces of wool, an expedient which Avas pro- 

 bably adopted to prevent the damp rising. After the site of the Temple and the mar"-in 

 of soil immediately adjoining it had been completely explored, the excavations were 

 brought to a close in March 1874. 



Sculpture. — 1. Several fragments of archaic figures in relief similar in stvle to the 

 statues from Branchidse in the Museum, aud therefore to be ascribed to the period when 

 the first Temple was built. 



2. Several lions' heads from the cornice of the earlier Temple. 



3. Fragments of base mouldings inscribed with archaic Greek characters. 



4. A number of fragments of an archaic frieze, which appears to have formed part of 

 an internal decoration, and may perhaps have been the OpijKoc or cornice mentioned by 

 Pausanias (X., 38, 6) as ornamenting an altar in the Temple of Diana. This frieze is 

 probably not later than b. c. 460. 



5. Part of a drum of a column from the Liter Temple on which are sculptured the 

 upper parts of figures, the lower parts having been cut on the next drum. 



6. Part of another sculptured drum of a column. 



7. Three large blocks sculptured in very high relief. The subject is apparently the 

 contests of Theseus, and perhaps also of Herakles. These are thought by Mr. Wood to 

 be portions of the frieze of the Temple. 



Architecture, — 1. Capital of an Ionic column. 



2. Plinth on which stood the base of one of the two columns of the Temple found in situ. 



3. Another plinth. 



4. Part of the drum next to the capital of one of the Ionic columns of the peristyle. 



5. Two pieces of architrave. 



6. Two stones, believed to be part of the tympanum of one of the pediments of the 

 Temple. 



7. A number of fragments of cornice, including a colossal lion's head which had formed 

 a waterspout. This head, and the floral ornaments of the cornice, are sculptured with 

 extraordinary force and mastery of execution. 



8. A number of fragments of the flat marble tiles, tegulce, and joint tiles, imbrices, used 

 for covering the roof. 



9. Part of a step from the platform on which the Temple stood. 



10. A large number of fragments of mouldings ; one fragment is ornamented with a 

 strip of gold inlaid. 



1 1 . Fragments of triglyph and cornice from the Doric building found on the south side 

 of the Temple. 



12. Fragment of a base moulding inscribed with characters which seem to be archaic 

 ■Greek, but yet are not intelligible when read as such. 



13. An elliptical Corinthian capital. 



Inscriptions. — Among the Greek inscriptions received from Ephesus, most of which 

 were discovered on the site of the Temple, are the following : — 



1. One of the duplicate bilingual inscriptions found in the peribolos wall, and referred 

 to in the Annual Report for 1872, p. 19. This inscription, which is in Greek and Latin, 

 states that the Emperor Augustus, out of the revenues of the Goddess Diana, had rebuilt 

 thej»er/Z>oZos wall round her Temple. This was in the pro-consulship of C. Asinius Gallus 

 (b. C. 6), whose name is erased from the inscription. He had been condemned by the 

 Senate, a. D. 31. (Of. Waddington, Pastes, p. 94). 



2. Steli, with inscription bearing the same date as the last, and with the name of 

 C. Asinius Gallus again erased. This inscription marks the breadth of a watercourse. 

 Fi'om the peribolos wall. 



3. Another 



