AND VARIOUS OTHER BONES OF THE MASTODON. 45 



Ulna, length, two feet one and a half inches; circumference in middle, one 

 foot. 



Radius, one foot eleven inches long. 



Lunare, two and seven-eighths of an inch thick. 



Os femoris, two feet eleven inches long ; circumference in middle, one foot 

 four inches; diameter of head, six and a half inches; transverse diameter at 

 condyles, eight and a half inches. 



Tibia, one foot ten inches in length, and eleven inches in circumference at 

 middle. 



Fibula, one foot nine inches long. 



SIZE OF THE MASTODON. 



The following admeasurements of the bones of the extremities of the Mas- 

 todon and Elephant, afford some data for determining the probable size of the 

 former animal. 



Mastodon. Elephant. 



Os Humeri, length 2 feet 5 inches, 2 feet 8 inches. 



Ulna " 2 " 1| " 2 *' 6 " 



Radius " 1 " 11 " 2 " 2 " 



Os Femoris " 2 " 11 " 3 " 3 " 



Tibia " 1 " 10 " 1 " 11 " 



The skeleton of the specimen affording the above standard of comparison 

 belongs to a young Elephas Indicus, and measures nine feet from the tips of 

 the spinous processes, of the first two dorsal vertebrae, to the ground. But it 

 has been seen that the ribs of the Mastodon are nearly of the same length as 

 those of the Elephant, and that the extremities are about six inches shorter in 

 the fore-legs and five inches in the hind-legs: the greatest height of the ani- 

 mal described would, consequently, be short of nine feet at the shoulders.* 



* Cuvier limited the stature to twelve feet. Oss. Foss. Vol. II. p. 24. 

 ■ A portion of the head, aad some other bones of a Mastodon, in Mr. Koch's Museum, at St» 

 Louis, Missouri, afford ground to think that the individual was about thirteen feet high. See 

 Bullet. American Philosophical Society, for 1840, paper by W. E. Horner, M. D. 



Of the two existing species of Elephants, the Elephas Africanus reaches a stature of from 

 VIII. — M 



