﻿122 
  ON 
  THE 
  VISCERAL. 
  ANATOMY 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  left 
  aorta, 
  which 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  cardiac 
  orifice, 
  for 
  below 
  this 
  

   point 
  commence 
  the 
  gastric 
  glands 
  or 
  follicles, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  of 
  

   considerable 
  size. 
  The 
  muscular 
  fibres 
  continue 
  to 
  increase 
  in 
  num- 
  

   ber, 
  until 
  a 
  strong 
  muscular 
  coat 
  is 
  formed, 
  consisting 
  of 
  fasciculi, 
  

   which 
  are 
  circular 
  within 
  and 
  longitudinal 
  externally. 
  The 
  lower 
  

   ten 
  inches 
  of 
  the 
  stomach 
  are 
  destitute 
  of 
  the 
  large 
  glands 
  above 
  alluded 
  

   to. 
  The 
  mucous 
  coat, 
  at 
  this 
  part, 
  is 
  thrown 
  into 
  long 
  rugae, 
  and 
  the 
  

   structure 
  itself 
  is 
  very 
  thick 
  and 
  cuts 
  like 
  cartilage. 
  The 
  stomach 
  

   ends 
  in 
  a 
  cul 
  de 
  sac, 
  diminishing 
  much 
  in 
  size 
  as 
  it 
  terminates. 
  At 
  

   about 
  half 
  an 
  inch 
  distant 
  from 
  this 
  termination, 
  and 
  passing 
  off 
  at 
  a 
  

   right 
  angle, 
  is 
  the 
  pyloric 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  stomach, 
  somewhat 
  resembling 
  

   that 
  of 
  the 
  viper, 
  as 
  described 
  by 
  Sir 
  E. 
  Home. 
  It 
  is 
  two 
  inches 
  in 
  

   length, 
  half 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  diameter, 
  and 
  somewhat 
  curved: 
  the 
  mucous 
  

   coat 
  of 
  this 
  part 
  is 
  thrown 
  into 
  longitudinal 
  rugae, 
  and 
  protected 
  exter- 
  

   nally 
  by 
  strong 
  muscular 
  fibres, 
  but 
  the 
  actual 
  passage 
  is 
  very 
  small. 
  

   This 
  pyloric 
  portion 
  terminates 
  by 
  joining 
  the 
  second 
  division 
  of 
  the 
  

   alimentary 
  canal 
  about, 
  half 
  an 
  inch 
  below 
  its 
  commencement, 
  project- 
  

   ing 
  into 
  it, 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  circular 
  elevated 
  margin 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  therefore 
  placed 
  

   transversely 
  across 
  the 
  body, 
  and 
  forms 
  a 
  somewhat 
  indirect 
  commu- 
  

   nication 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  great 
  divisions 
  of 
  the 
  alimentary 
  canal. 
  In 
  

   some 
  of 
  this 
  class, 
  a 
  well 
  marked 
  pyloric 
  valve 
  is 
  formed, 
  constituted 
  

   of 
  an 
  elevated 
  fold 
  of 
  the 
  mucous 
  membrane. 
  The 
  second 
  division, 
  

   comprising 
  both 
  small 
  and 
  large 
  intestines, 
  is 
  perfectly 
  straight, 
  and 
  

   begins 
  by 
  a 
  pointed 
  cul 
  de 
  sac, 
  similar 
  to 
  that 
  which 
  formed 
  the 
  ter- 
  

   mination 
  of 
  the 
  stomach. 
  From 
  its 
  commencement, 
  the 
  mucous 
  coat 
  

   is 
  completely 
  studded 
  with 
  villi, 
  which 
  are 
  prominent 
  and 
  about 
  a 
  line 
  

   in 
  length. 
  This 
  intestine 
  enlarges 
  as 
  it 
  descends, 
  and 
  is 
  embraced 
  be- 
  

   tween 
  the 
  two 
  reflexions 
  of 
  peritoneum, 
  which 
  attach 
  the 
  oviducts. 
  

   Its 
  greatest 
  diameter 
  is 
  observed 
  about 
  ten 
  inches 
  above 
  the 
  anus, 
  from 
  

   which 
  point 
  it 
  gradually 
  diminishes 
  as 
  it 
  descends, 
  to 
  accommodate 
  

   itself 
  to 
  the 
  smaller 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  body. 
  The 
  parietes 
  are 
  thick 
  and 
  

   firm, 
  although 
  not 
  so 
  much 
  so 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  stomach. 
  Externally 
  it 
  

   is 
  marked 
  by 
  several 
  contractions 
  extending 
  the 
  whole 
  length, 
  which 
  

   produce 
  deep 
  transverse 
  depressions 
  without, 
  and 
  corresponding 
  circu- 
  

   lar 
  septa 
  within; 
  these 
  septa, 
  or 
  valves 
  as 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  termed, 
  are 
  

   very 
  numerous, 
  and 
  extend 
  generally 
  around 
  one 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  internal 
  

  

  