﻿126 
  ON 
  THE 
  VISCERAL 
  ANATOMY 
  

  

  the 
  two 
  layers 
  meet. 
  About 
  an 
  inch 
  distant 
  from 
  either 
  extremity, 
  it 
  

   begins 
  to 
  taper 
  off, 
  and 
  is 
  then 
  suddenly 
  brought 
  to 
  a 
  point. 
  The 
  

   ureter 
  is 
  placed 
  on 
  the 
  external 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  kidney 
  ; 
  small, 
  at 
  its 
  com- 
  

   mencement, 
  it 
  descends 
  along 
  the 
  middle 
  line, 
  increasing 
  continually 
  

   in 
  its 
  course, 
  and 
  when 
  it 
  leaves 
  the 
  gland 
  has 
  attained 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  a 
  

   goose 
  quill 
  ; 
  from 
  this 
  point 
  to 
  its 
  termination, 
  it 
  is 
  rather 
  more 
  than 
  

   fifteen 
  inches 
  in 
  length. 
  It 
  opens 
  into 
  the 
  vaginal 
  pouch, 
  by 
  an 
  ob- 
  

   lique 
  orifice, 
  situated 
  half 
  an 
  inch 
  lower 
  down 
  than 
  the 
  opening 
  of 
  the 
  

   oviduct. 
  In 
  immediate 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  ureter 
  are 
  two 
  veins, 
  like 
  

   it 
  passing 
  superficially 
  along 
  the 
  whole 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  kidney. 
  One 
  of 
  

   these, 
  which 
  lies 
  in 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  lower 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  ureter, 
  com- 
  

   mences 
  below, 
  and 
  increasing 
  as 
  it 
  proceeds, 
  from 
  the 
  continual 
  access- 
  

   ion 
  of 
  branches 
  from 
  the 
  gland, 
  passes 
  off 
  from 
  the 
  upper 
  end, 
  and 
  soon 
  

   after 
  unites 
  with 
  the 
  corresponding 
  vein 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  side, 
  to 
  form 
  the 
  

   vena 
  cava. 
  The 
  trunk, 
  which 
  lies 
  above 
  the 
  ureter, 
  is 
  reversed 
  in 
  its 
  

   course, 
  commencing 
  in 
  the 
  ovaria 
  above 
  the 
  kidney, 
  and 
  increasing 
  in 
  

   size 
  as 
  it 
  descends; 
  it 
  passes 
  along 
  the 
  upper 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  ureter, 
  and 
  

   continues 
  to 
  accompany 
  it 
  after 
  it 
  leaves 
  the 
  lower 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  

   kidney. 
  This 
  vein 
  and 
  the 
  ureter 
  pass 
  down 
  together, 
  being 
  connected 
  

   by 
  the 
  same 
  broad 
  reflection 
  of 
  peritoneum 
  that 
  attaches 
  the 
  oviduct. 
  

   The 
  two 
  descending 
  veins 
  of 
  the 
  kidneys, 
  like 
  those 
  which 
  ascended 
  

   to 
  form 
  the 
  vena 
  cava, 
  also 
  unite; 
  this 
  junction, 
  which 
  takes 
  place 
  just 
  

   below 
  the 
  orifice 
  of 
  the 
  vagina, 
  forms 
  a 
  single 
  vein, 
  that 
  passes 
  down 
  

   to 
  the 
  caudal 
  extremity. 
  Both 
  before 
  and 
  after 
  the 
  coalition 
  of 
  these 
  

   two 
  vessels, 
  constant 
  communications, 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  large 
  trunks, 
  are 
  

   formed 
  between 
  them 
  and 
  the 
  venous 
  circulation 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  

   spine, 
  in 
  which 
  manner 
  it 
  finally 
  terminates. 
  This 
  vein, 
  then, 
  appears 
  

   to 
  be 
  an 
  insulated 
  vessel 
  ; 
  for 
  it 
  originates 
  in 
  small 
  ramifications, 
  in 
  the 
  

   ovaria, 
  and 
  lobes 
  of 
  the 
  kidney, 
  and 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  no 
  other 
  destination 
  

   than 
  to 
  join 
  the 
  great 
  circulation 
  of 
  the 
  spine. 
  This 
  peculiarity 
  sug- 
  

   gests 
  the 
  idea, 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  intended 
  to 
  obviate 
  the 
  injurious 
  effects 
  of 
  an 
  

   impeded 
  circulation 
  when 
  the 
  stomach 
  is 
  distended 
  with 
  food 
  ; 
  a 
  dis- 
  

   tention, 
  from 
  the 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  animal, 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  great 
  and 
  of 
  long 
  

   duration. 
  Under 
  such 
  circumstances, 
  these 
  vessels 
  may, 
  by 
  a 
  circuitous 
  

   route, 
  carry 
  a 
  large 
  proportion 
  of 
  blood 
  to 
  the 
  heart, 
  which 
  the 
  vena 
  

   cava 
  alone 
  would 
  be 
  unable 
  to 
  accomplish 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  of 
  partial 
  com- 
  

  

  