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  DESCRIPTION 
  OF 
  A 
  GALVANIC 
  BATTERY 
  

  

  united, 
  the 
  copper 
  pole 
  of 
  the 
  one, 
  with 
  the 
  zinc 
  pole 
  of 
  another, 
  and 
  

   so 
  on, 
  the 
  whole 
  series 
  forms 
  a 
  deflagrator 
  of 
  eighty-eight 
  elements. 
  

  

  The 
  different 
  arrangements 
  of 
  the 
  several 
  connectors 
  will 
  be 
  readily 
  

   understood 
  by 
  a 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  plan 
  drawing, 
  fig. 
  2, 
  which 
  exhibits 
  

   one 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  whole 
  apparatus 
  arranged 
  as 
  a 
  deflagrator 
  of 
  forty- 
  

   four 
  elements, 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  half 
  as 
  a 
  calorimotor 
  of 
  four 
  pairs. 
  By 
  

   closely 
  inspecting 
  the 
  drawing, 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  that 
  the 
  connexion 
  in 
  

   the 
  upper 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  figure 
  is 
  from 
  the 
  copper 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  element 
  to 
  

   the 
  zinc 
  of 
  the 
  next, 
  and 
  so 
  on 
  through 
  the 
  entire 
  series 
  of 
  forty-four 
  

   elements. 
  In 
  the 
  lower 
  half 
  the 
  union 
  of 
  copper 
  and 
  zinc 
  takes 
  place 
  

   only 
  between 
  the 
  poles 
  of 
  the 
  different 
  batteries 
  ; 
  the 
  several 
  elements 
  

   of 
  which 
  are 
  united 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  act 
  as 
  one 
  plate 
  of 
  copper 
  and 
  one 
  of 
  zinc. 
  

   The 
  four 
  batteries 
  therefore 
  will 
  act 
  together 
  as 
  a 
  calorimotor 
  of 
  four 
  

   elements. 
  The 
  arrangement, 
  as 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  drawing, 
  is 
  intended 
  to 
  

   illustrate 
  by 
  one 
  figure 
  the 
  two 
  sets 
  of 
  connectors 
  ; 
  but 
  such 
  an 
  arrange- 
  

   ment 
  becomes 
  interesting 
  in 
  practice 
  in 
  determining 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  the 
  

   conjoined 
  actions 
  of 
  batteries 
  producing 
  electricity 
  of 
  different 
  intensities. 
  

  

  The 
  circuit 
  of 
  the 
  connexions 
  as 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  figure 
  is 
  complete 
  

   except 
  at 
  a 
  b 
  ; 
  the 
  two 
  plates 
  at 
  this 
  point 
  form 
  the 
  poles 
  of 
  the 
  battery. 
  

   A 
  set 
  of 
  poles, 
  however, 
  may 
  be 
  formed 
  at 
  any 
  other 
  point 
  of 
  the 
  circuit, 
  

   by 
  making 
  an 
  interruption 
  at 
  that 
  place. 
  In 
  the 
  same 
  way 
  two 
  or 
  

   more 
  sets 
  may 
  be 
  formed. 
  It 
  furnishes 
  an 
  interesting 
  and 
  instructive 
  

   experiment 
  to 
  place 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  large 
  decomposing 
  plates 
  at 
  a 
  b 
  and 
  

   another 
  at 
  c 
  d. 
  When 
  only 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  plunged 
  into 
  a 
  saline 
  solu- 
  

   tion, 
  the 
  circuit 
  being 
  interrupted 
  at 
  the 
  other 
  pair, 
  no 
  effect 
  is 
  pro- 
  

   duced; 
  but 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  this 
  other 
  is 
  plunged 
  into 
  a 
  similar 
  solution, 
  a 
  

   copious 
  decomposition 
  simultaneously 
  takes 
  place 
  at 
  both. 
  Also 
  the 
  

   contemporaneous 
  action 
  in 
  each 
  element 
  of 
  the 
  battery 
  is 
  pleasingly 
  

   shown 
  by 
  placing 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  several 
  large 
  magnetic 
  needles 
  on 
  the 
  

   different 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  apparatus. 
  These 
  instantly 
  change 
  their 
  direction 
  

   when 
  the 
  second 
  pair 
  of 
  decomposing 
  plates 
  touch 
  the 
  solution. 
  

  

  At 
  first 
  sight 
  it 
  might 
  be 
  supposed 
  that 
  there 
  would 
  be 
  some 
  diffi- 
  

   culty 
  in 
  entering 
  the 
  several 
  plates 
  into 
  their 
  respective 
  cells, 
  but 
  this 
  

   is 
  obviated 
  by 
  the 
  precise 
  movement 
  of 
  the 
  platform 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  

   troughs 
  stand. 
  Its 
  horizontal 
  position 
  is 
  adjusted 
  by 
  four 
  screws 
  

   (e 
  c 
  fig. 
  1), 
  and 
  its 
  corners 
  slide 
  in 
  grooves 
  in 
  the 
  upright 
  posts 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  