﻿APPARATUS, 
  OR 
  MANIPULATION. 
  

  

  401 
  

  

  CULINARY 
  PARADOX, 
  OR 
  EBULLITION 
  BY 
  COLD. 
  

  

  This 
  figure 
  illustrates 
  a 
  new 
  and 
  instructive 
  

   method 
  of 
  effecting 
  ebullition 
  by 
  cold. 
  

  

  The 
  apparatus 
  consists 
  principally 
  of 
  a 
  glass 
  

   matrass, 
  with 
  a 
  neck 
  of 
  about 
  three 
  feet 
  in 
  length, 
  

   tapering 
  to 
  an 
  orifice 
  of 
  about 
  a 
  quarter 
  of 
  an 
  

   inch 
  in 
  diameter. 
  The 
  bulb 
  is 
  bulged 
  inwards, 
  

   in 
  the 
  part 
  directly 
  opposite 
  the 
  neck, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  

   create 
  a 
  cavity 
  capable 
  of 
  holding 
  any 
  matter 
  

   which 
  it 
  maybe 
  desirable 
  to 
  have 
  situated 
  there- 
  

   in. 
  In 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  matrass, 
  a 
  receptacle, 
  

   holding 
  a 
  few 
  pounds 
  of 
  mercury, 
  is 
  requisite. 
  

   The 
  bulb 
  of 
  the 
  matrass 
  being 
  rather 
  less 
  than 
  

   half 
  full 
  of 
  water, 
  and 
  this 
  being 
  heated 
  to 
  ebul- 
  

   lition, 
  the 
  orifice 
  should 
  be 
  closed 
  by 
  the 
  finger, 
  

   defended 
  by 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  gum-elastic, 
  and 
  depressed 
  

   below 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  mercury 
  ; 
  the 
  whole 
  

   being 
  supported 
  as 
  represented 
  in 
  the 
  figure. 
  Under 
  these 
  circum- 
  

   stances, 
  the 
  mercury 
  rises 
  as 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  declines, 
  

   indicating 
  the 
  consequent 
  diminution 
  of 
  pressure 
  within 
  the 
  bulb. 
  

   Meanwhile, 
  the 
  decline 
  of 
  pressure 
  lowering 
  the 
  boiling 
  point 
  of 
  the 
  

   water, 
  the 
  ebullition 
  continues 
  till 
  the 
  mercury 
  rises 
  in 
  the 
  neck 
  nearly 
  

   to 
  the 
  height 
  of 
  the 
  mercury 
  in 
  the 
  barometer. 
  

  

  By 
  introducing 
  into 
  the 
  cup 
  formed 
  by 
  the 
  bulging 
  of 
  the 
  bulb, 
  cold 
  

   water, 
  alcohol, 
  ether 
  or 
  ice, 
  the 
  refrigeration, 
  the 
  diminution 
  of 
  pres- 
  

   sure, 
  and 
  the 
  ebullition 
  are 
  all 
  simultaneously 
  accelerated, 
  since 
  these 
  

   results 
  are 
  reciprocally 
  dependent 
  on 
  each 
  other. 
  

  

  The 
  advantage 
  of 
  this 
  apparatus 
  and 
  method 
  of 
  operating, 
  lies 
  first 
  in 
  

  

  the 
  certainty 
  and 
  facility 
  with 
  which 
  the 
  apparatus 
  is 
  secured 
  against 
  

  

  the 
  access 
  of 
  the 
  atmosphere 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  next 
  place, 
  in 
  the 
  index 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  diminishing 
  resistance, 
  afforded 
  by 
  the 
  rise 
  of 
  the 
  mercurial 
  column. 
  

  

  vol. 
  v. 
  — 
  5 
  c 
  

  

  