﻿408 
  NOTES 
  AND 
  DIAGRAMS 
  ILLUSTRATIVE 
  OF 
  

  

  To 
  this 
  point 
  I 
  devoted 
  exclusive 
  attention 
  during 
  the 
  limited 
  time 
  

   which 
  a 
  very 
  brief 
  recess 
  from 
  duty 
  at 
  the 
  University 
  afforded 
  me. 
  

   Mr 
  Espy 
  collected 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  the 
  accounts 
  of 
  those 
  who 
  had 
  

   witnessed 
  the 
  phenomenon, 
  examined 
  closely 
  the 
  general 
  circumstances, 
  

   and 
  is 
  equally 
  concerned 
  with 
  myself 
  in 
  any 
  claim 
  to 
  novelty 
  in 
  the 
  

   results 
  about 
  to 
  be 
  submitted. 
  As 
  he 
  will 
  embody 
  the 
  deductions 
  

   from 
  the 
  information 
  collected 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  general 
  observations 
  

   which 
  we 
  made, 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  propose 
  to 
  go 
  into 
  them 
  further 
  than 
  is 
  

   necessary 
  to 
  make 
  my 
  results 
  intelligible. 
  

  

  The 
  accompanying 
  diagrams, 
  Plates 
  XXIII. 
  XXIV., 
  represent 
  diffe- 
  

   rent 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  track 
  of 
  the 
  storm, 
  from 
  the 
  point 
  at 
  which 
  its 
  

   effects 
  were 
  first 
  felt 
  in 
  any 
  considerable 
  degree, 
  to 
  a 
  point 
  about 
  a 
  

   mile 
  east 
  from 
  Brunswick, 
  where 
  I 
  was 
  reluctantly 
  obliged 
  to 
  close 
  

   my 
  observations. 
  

  

  They 
  were 
  obtained 
  by 
  means 
  which, 
  though 
  rough, 
  are 
  abundantly 
  

   exact 
  for 
  such 
  a 
  purpose, 
  namely, 
  by 
  measuring 
  the 
  angles 
  to 
  be 
  taken, 
  

   by 
  the 
  compass, 
  and 
  by 
  pacing 
  the 
  short 
  distances 
  to 
  be 
  estimated. 
  

  

  Such 
  an 
  examination 
  being 
  made 
  of 
  the 
  track 
  of 
  the 
  tornado 
  through 
  

   a 
  wood, 
  or 
  in 
  any 
  other 
  suitable 
  case, 
  the 
  directions 
  of 
  the 
  acting 
  forces 
  

   are 
  determined, 
  and 
  thus 
  is 
  ascertained 
  whether 
  they 
  correspond 
  to 
  the 
  

   effect 
  of 
  a 
  whirl 
  at 
  and 
  near 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  ground, 
  as 
  is 
  generally 
  

   assumed, 
  or 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  rushing 
  wind, 
  or, 
  as 
  most 
  fully 
  appears, 
  to 
  that 
  

   of 
  a 
  mighty 
  column 
  of 
  rarefied 
  air 
  in 
  motion. 
  

  

  Although 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  storm 
  on 
  buildings 
  affords 
  many 
  inter- 
  

   esting 
  facts 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  phenomenon, 
  and 
  in 
  one 
  case, 
  an 
  effect 
  of 
  

   great 
  interest 
  was 
  thus 
  first 
  pointed 
  out; 
  yet, 
  as 
  we 
  expected, 
  the 
  most 
  

   satisfactory 
  evidences 
  of 
  the 
  directions 
  of 
  the 
  forces 
  occur, 
  generally, 
  in 
  

   open 
  woods, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  plantations 
  near 
  buildings. 
  

  

  It 
  may 
  seem 
  superfluous 
  to 
  a 
  reader 
  accustomed 
  to 
  observation 
  to 
  

   say 
  that 
  entire 
  regularity 
  is 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  looked 
  for 
  in 
  the 
  effects 
  to 
  be 
  

   brought 
  before 
  him. 
  I 
  have, 
  however, 
  thought 
  it 
  best 
  to 
  remark 
  briefly 
  

   upon 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  causes 
  which 
  might 
  be 
  expected 
  to 
  produce 
  consi- 
  

   derable 
  irregularities, 
  in 
  the 
  positions 
  of 
  trees 
  overthrown, 
  or 
  broken, 
  

   by 
  the 
  storm. 
  

  

  The 
  soil 
  of 
  the 
  part 
  of 
  New 
  Jersey 
  through 
  which 
  this 
  storm 
  passed 
  

   is 
  a 
  red 
  clay 
  (from 
  the 
  red 
  shale), 
  and 
  deficient 
  in 
  strength. 
  The 
  trees 
  

  

  