CULTURE OP APPLE TREES. ^3 



be planted ready open to receive them, so that their roots 



%vere only exposed to the air a few minutes, disposing their 



fibres as horizontally as possible, and not too deep. The 



months of September and October should be preferred for 



transplanting any large tree, watering it well if showers do 



not fall the same day : if the leaves are not pulled off, it 



will make fresh roots immediately, or at all events be more 



disposed to push them forth in spring. I constantly tread Treading the 



the ground exceeding firmly with my feet, in separate layers fhe"oots pre-^ 



of about an inch, so as to render staking unnecessary, a ferable to stak- 



practice which if performed so as to have any real effect is '"^' 



very expensive, but which too frequently does more mischief 



than good. 



Of the varieties of the apple cultivated in Mr. Swainson's Early ripening 

 garden, which ripen early, I can especially recommend, the ^PP^"' 

 summer pippin, Devonshire quarrington, summer traveller, 

 bland rose, summer pearmain, red colville, marigold, Kirk's 

 incomparable, Evan's valuable, nonsuch. 



Of the autumn and winter varieties, perhaps a^ those Autumnal and 

 which follow are valuable, especially such as are marked ^^"'^^ ^*"^' 

 with a star, and those marked with a cross are new. 



♦Norfolk storer, *Norfolk beaufin, Norfolk paradise, Hol- 

 land pippin, embroidered pippin, striped Holland pippin, *Je- 

 mon pippin: as this variety is beginning to canker in many 

 gardens, there is no doubt that it is old, and has been intro- 

 duced from the continent, probably Normandy : for a gen- 

 tleman who was at Rouen^ during the last short peace, saw it 

 there in abundance. 



*Ribston pippin, New Town pippin, *golden pippin, Mar- 

 mail pippin, French pippin, Kirlon pippin; Wyken pippin, 

 Fern's pippin, London pippin, *Kentish pippin, New Town 

 late pippin, mathematic pippin, f William's pippin,Whitmore's 

 pippin, New York pippin, raspberry pippin, cat's head, 

 •king of pippins, nonpareil codling, Cowring's queening, 

 *flower of Kent, Selleswood's reinette, *Holland berr}', golden 

 ?nundi, margill, nutmeg apple, royal russet,golden russet, Pile'§ 

 russet^ Clifton crab, *Minchin crab, French crab, Hereford- 

 shire pearmain. Loan's pearmain, Holt's pearmain, Kentish 

 fejnette, lady's thigh, pigeon'3 egg, Tolworth court, spice 



apple, 



