appears to be the common manner of pupation with the species which 

 pass the period of repose in the ground unprotected. 



I may also allude to a fact in the economy of a Callimone, which 

 may throw a little light on its relations towards other insects. In the 

 spring, I opened a pea-shaped gall found on the underside of an oak 

 leaf, and found therein a large Callimone, not long freed from the pupal 

 skin. Beside it was the dead pupa of one of the Cynipidce, considerably 

 crushed and flattened, evidently by its larger companion pressing it 

 against tiie side of the gall, which afibrded little enough room for the 

 parasite itself. As many of the galls found on the same leaf were in- 

 habited by two larvse of an inquiline, it is probable that this was also 

 the case with the gall in question, and that the Callimone had devoured 

 one larva, besides killing the other in the way indicated. I have found 

 a chalcis and an inquiline together in one gall, and reared them success- 

 fully ; but in this case the parasite was smaller than the other, or at 

 least of equal size. Another matter which interested me, and which is 

 well worth further study, was the manner in which certain ChalcididcB 

 were distributed through the gall-apples of Teras terminalis. Among 

 the hosts of parasites were four of these insects, which were distributed 

 in the galls — as might, indeed, be conjectured without actual observa- 

 tion — in relation to the length of their ovipositors. Thus, a species 

 without any visible ovipositor was found to inhabit the cells at the 

 surface, the others tenanting cells nearer the centre, according to the 

 length of theirs, and culminating in one with an ovipositor four lines in 

 length, or almost half the diameter of an ordinary gall. 



The Cynipidce occupied a good deal of my attention, bu.t as they will 

 be fully discussed in next year's " Transactions " — with, I hope, many 

 additions — I need not further refer to them. here. It may be mentioned, 

 however, that twenty-five species of true gall makers were found in 

 the district in 1872. Mr. A. Miiller gave, in the Entomologist's Annual 

 for 1872, thirty -two as the number known to inhabiti Britain ; so that 

 our district possesses its fare share of these interesting insects. I can- 

 not, however, pass over the extraordinary advance Cynips lignicola has 

 made among us. It is now found almost everywhere, the latest locality 

 discovered for it being the South-side Park. In 1871, when I first 

 found it at Kenmuir Bank, many of the galls had the larvse picked 

 out by some bird ; but, latterly, I do not remember finding any in 

 that condition. The larvse are said to have a bad odour (but, I 

 must confess, I never could feel any), which may account for their 

 preservation. 



