﻿IX 
  EUROPE 
  FROM 
  THE 
  9TH 
  TO 
  THE 
  14TH 
  CENTURIES. 
  35 
  

  

  and 
  destroyed 
  all 
  vegetation 
  so 
  that 
  a 
  famine 
  ensued. 
  11 
  In 
  872 
  they 
  

   were 
  in 
  Germany 
  in 
  such 
  masses 
  that 
  they 
  swept 
  clean 
  in 
  one 
  night 
  150 
  

   acres 
  of 
  land 
  where 
  they 
  alighted. 
  12 
  In 
  873 
  they 
  again 
  destroyed 
  in 
  

   France 
  the 
  entire 
  crops, 
  and 
  a 
  strong 
  wind 
  drove 
  them 
  into 
  the 
  canal 
  (?). 
  13 
  . 
  

   This 
  is 
  probably 
  the 
  same 
  invasion 
  alluded 
  to 
  by 
  Cuspiuian. 
  In 
  885 
  

   they 
  again 
  appeared 
  in 
  Italy, 
  especially 
  near 
  Borne, 
  and 
  Pope 
  Stephen 
  

   II 
  exerted 
  himself 
  in 
  vain 
  to 
  extirpate 
  them. 
  14 
  In 
  the 
  year 
  1034 
  every-' 
  

   thing 
  near 
  Constantinople 
  was 
  devoured 
  by 
  them 
  until 
  a 
  strong 
  wind- 
  

   storm 
  drove 
  them 
  into 
  the 
  sea. 
  15 
  Just 
  as 
  destructively 
  they 
  showed 
  

   themselves 
  here 
  again 
  in 
  1092. 
  16 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  invasion 
  of 
  Russia 
  of 
  which 
  we 
  find 
  any 
  notice 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  1008, 
  

   of 
  Kiev, 
  mentioned 
  by 
  Karamsin. 
  17 
  Koppen 
  also 
  mentions 
  the 
  following 
  

   invasions 
  of 
  that 
  country 
  in 
  the 
  eleventh, 
  twelfth, 
  and 
  thirteenth 
  centu- 
  

   ries. 
  In 
  1095 
  the 
  locusts 
  came 
  the 
  28th 
  of 
  August 
  and 
  covered 
  the 
  earth. 
  

   The 
  movement 
  was 
  to 
  the 
  north. 
  18 
  The 
  same 
  author 
  is 
  quoted 
  for 
  inva- 
  

   sions 
  in 
  1103 
  and 
  1195, 
  but 
  without 
  particulars. 
  The 
  chronicle 
  of 
  Kes- 
  

   tor 
  (quoted 
  by 
  Koppen) 
  mentions 
  another 
  invasion 
  in 
  1237. 
  In 
  1271 
  all 
  

   the 
  cornfields 
  of 
  Milan" 
  were 
  destroyed. 
  19 
  

  

  From 
  1333 
  to 
  1336 
  great 
  swarms 
  of 
  locusts 
  committed 
  frightful 
  rav- 
  

   ages; 
  they 
  migrated 
  from 
  Servia 
  into 
  Hungary, 
  spread 
  from 
  there 
  

   farther 
  over 
  Poland, 
  Bohemia, 
  and 
  Austria, 
  and 
  divided 
  here 
  into 
  two 
  

   bodies, 
  one 
  of 
  which 
  visited 
  Italy, 
  the 
  other 
  France, 
  Bavaria, 
  Suabia, 
  

   and 
  Saxony. 
  20 
  

  

  Again, 
  in 
  1338, 
  the 
  neighborhood 
  of 
  Halle, 
  on 
  the 
  Saale, 
  was 
  greatly 
  

   devastated 
  by 
  them. 
  21 
  In 
  May, 
  1350, 
  an 
  innumerable 
  midtitude 
  of 
  

   grasshoppers 
  of 
  an 
  unwonted 
  greatness, 
  and 
  uncertain 
  origin, 
  appeared 
  

   in 
  the 
  province 
  of 
  Catania, 
  in 
  Sicily, 
  which 
  consumed 
  corn, 
  vineyards, 
  

   woods, 
  gardens, 
  and 
  trees, 
  eating 
  the 
  bark 
  to 
  the 
  roots 
  in 
  one 
  day, 
  and 
  

   then 
  by 
  a 
  sudden 
  wind 
  were 
  carried 
  into 
  The 
  Ionian 
  Sea 
  and 
  drowned; 
  

   but, 
  being 
  afterwards 
  cast 
  upon 
  the 
  Sicilian 
  shore. 
  ,; 
  caused 
  by 
  their 
  

   stink 
  a 
  cruel 
  plague 
  in 
  July 
  following." 
  - 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  Otho 
  Frisingensis, 
  23 
  grasshoppers 
  came 
  out 
  of 
  Africa 
  

   into 
  Italy, 
  and 
  also 
  into 
  France, 
  in 
  1353 
  and 
  also 
  in 
  1374, 
  causing 
  such 
  

   a 
  famine 
  and 
  plague 
  that 
  the 
  third 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  people 
  perished. 
  This 
  

   old 
  writer 
  asserts 
  that 
  at 
  last 
  they 
  were 
  hurried 
  by 
  a 
  violent 
  wind 
  into 
  

  

  the 
  British 
  Ocean. 
  

  

  * 
  , 
  — 
  

  

  "Cantor, 
  104. 
  

  

  12 
  Cantor, 
  104. 
  

   * 
  Cantor, 
  105. 
  

  

  u 
  Rathleff. 
  "Aeridotheologie.'' 
  i, 
  43. 
  

   15 
  Rembold, 
  '"Tractat 
  von 
  Heuschrecken, 
  " 
  13. 
  

   16 
  Ratbleff. 
  •Aeridotheologie," 
  37. 
  

  

  17 
  History 
  of 
  Russia, 
  i, 
  438, 
  qnoted 
  by 
  Koppen. 
  See 
  also 
  the 
  French 
  translation. 
  

   "Karamsin 
  Hist., 
  ii, 
  172. 
  

  

  19 
  Sbaw, 
  Genl. 
  ZooL, 
  vi. 
  137, 
  from 
  Aldrovandug. 
  

  

  20 
  Cantor, 
  22G; 
  Keferstein, 
  I. 
  c.; 
  Kronika 
  Marcina 
  Bielokiego, 
  1764, 
  189; 
  Joannis 
  Dlugosai, 
  "Historia 
  

   Polonica," 
  T. 
  i. 
  lib. 
  ix 
  ; 
  Koppen, 
  111-112. 
  

   21 
  Durhaupt, 
  "Beschreibung 
  des 
  Saalkreises, 
  " 
  Th. 
  i, 
  p. 
  645. 
  1749. 
  Keferstein. 
  

   22 
  Tazellus, 
  quoted 
  by 
  Purchaa. 
  

   33Purchas 
  on 
  Insects. 
  

  

  