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  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  Eathleff 
  24 
  says 
  that 
  in 
  1354 
  they 
  laid 
  waste 
  Italy 
  and 
  the 
  fruitful 
  

   provinces 
  of 
  Switzerland. 
  This 
  is 
  probably 
  the 
  same 
  invasion 
  mentioned 
  

   by 
  Otho 
  Frisingensis. 
  Cantor 
  25 
  also 
  mentions 
  the 
  invasion 
  of 
  1374, 
  

   adding 
  that 
  they 
  again 
  appeared 
  in 
  France 
  in 
  such 
  masses 
  that 
  they 
  

   reached 
  even 
  to 
  England. 
  

  

  Shaw 
  26 
  (probably 
  following 
  Aldrovandus) 
  states 
  that 
  in 
  1339 
  all 
  the 
  

   corn-fields 
  of 
  Lombardy 
  were 
  destroyed 
  by 
  the 
  locusts. 
  

  

  In 
  1231 
  the 
  locusts 
  were 
  so 
  destructive 
  in 
  Puglia 
  Daunia, 
  a 
  province 
  

   of 
  Naples 
  (?) 
  that 
  the 
  Emperor 
  Frederick 
  II 
  promulgated 
  a 
  special 
  law 
  

   requiring 
  every 
  agriculturist, 
  during 
  their 
  invasion, 
  to 
  collect 
  every 
  

   morning 
  at 
  sunrise 
  four 
  measures 
  and 
  present 
  them 
  to 
  the 
  magistrates, 
  

   who 
  were 
  required 
  to 
  burn 
  them. 
  27 
  

  

  For 
  a 
  hundred 
  years 
  after 
  the 
  great 
  invasion 
  of 
  1374 
  Europe 
  appears 
  

   to 
  have 
  been 
  comparatively 
  free 
  of 
  these 
  troublesome 
  pests, 
  at 
  least 
  the 
  

   voluminous 
  locust 
  literature 
  of 
  this 
  grand 
  division 
  is 
  silent 
  in 
  reference 
  

   to 
  this 
  long 
  period. 
  

  

  In 
  August, 
  1475, 
  the 
  insect 
  storm 
  proceeding 
  from 
  Hungary 
  fell 
  upon 
  

   the 
  oft 
  devastated 
  lands 
  of 
  Poland, 
  Moravia, 
  and 
  Silesia. 
  The 
  swarms 
  

   were 
  so 
  immense 
  that 
  they 
  covered 
  the 
  sun 
  like 
  a 
  thick 
  cloud. 
  28 
  

  

  Following 
  this 
  invasion 
  there 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  another 
  exemp- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  fifty 
  years, 
  the 
  next 
  appearance 
  of 
  note 
  being 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  1527, 
  

   when 
  they 
  appeared 
  again 
  in 
  Poland 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  1536 
  in 
  Hungary, 
  travers- 
  

   ing 
  Lithuania 
  and 
  Poland 
  to 
  Schleswig. 
  29 
  Georgi 
  says 
  that 
  in 
  1527 
  

   they 
  came 
  out 
  of 
  Turkey, 
  and 
  in 
  1536 
  from 
  the 
  Black 
  Sea. 
  Shaw 
  gives 
  

  

  1541 
  as 
  the 
  date 
  of 
  another 
  visitation 
  to 
  Poland 
  ; 
  Georgi 
  states 
  that 
  in 
  

  

  1542 
  a 
  great 
  swarm 
  passed 
  through 
  Poland 
  and 
  Lithuania 
  to 
  Prussia 
  

   and 
  also 
  visited 
  Silesia. 
  Eivero 
  Pontano, 
  as 
  quoted 
  by 
  Lucretiis, 
  says 
  

   that 
  " 
  in 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  1541 
  a 
  great 
  army 
  of 
  locusts 
  flew 
  through 
  Ger- 
  

   many 
  into 
  Italy, 
  towards 
  our 
  region. 
  Wherever 
  this 
  swarm 
  extended 
  

   it 
  devoured 
  everything 
  in 
  its 
  path, 
  for 
  the 
  locusts 
  were 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  

   numerous." 
  Keferstein 
  says 
  also 
  in 
  reference 
  to 
  this 
  invasion, 
  that 
  

   some 
  passed 
  forward 
  over 
  Silesia 
  and 
  Saxony, 
  while 
  others 
  turned 
  them- 
  

   selves 
  toward 
  Austria 
  and 
  Italy 
  ; 
  and 
  that 
  again 
  they 
  were 
  in 
  Austria 
  

   and 
  Tyrol 
  in 
  1544 
  and 
  1547. 
  The 
  invasion 
  of 
  Saxony 
  is 
  also 
  mentioned 
  

   by 
  Euyschet. 
  30 
  

  

  In 
  1542 
  an 
  immense 
  multitude 
  spread 
  over 
  a 
  great 
  part 
  of 
  Europe. 
  31 
  

  

  John 
  Exel, 
  as 
  quoted 
  by 
  Purchas, 
  says 
  that 
  about 
  Misnia 
  in 
  1543 
  

  

  there 
  were 
  so 
  many 
  grasshoppers 
  that 
  they 
  covered 
  the 
  ground 
  about 
  

  

  a 
  cubit 
  thick." 
  We 
  may 
  remark 
  here 
  that 
  our 
  observations 
  of 
  the 
  Eocky 
  

  

  Mountain 
  locusts 
  have 
  taught 
  us 
  not 
  to 
  treat 
  all 
  such 
  statements 
  as 
  this 
  

  

  ^Acridotheologie, 
  i, 
  47. 
  Keferstein. 
  

   » 
  240— 
  Keferstein. 
  

   MGen'lZool.,6, 
  137. 
  

  

  "Gaetano 
  de 
  Lucretiis, 
  "On 
  the 
  Flight 
  of 
  Locusts." 
  Atti 
  del 
  Real 
  Instituto 
  Sci. 
  Nat. 
  Napoli, 
  1811, 
  

   233 
  et 
  seq. 
  

   28 
  Cantor, 
  265— 
  Kefferstein 
  ; 
  Dlugoss, 
  ii, 
  535-540— 
  Koppen. 
  

  

  »Rathleff, 
  i, 
  48— 
  Kefferstein 
  ; 
  Georgi 
  " 
  Geogr.-physik. 
  Beschr. 
  des 
  Kuss., 
  2058 
  "—Koppen. 
  

   80 
  " 
  Wahrhaftige 
  Zcitung, 
  in 
  Schlesien, 
  geschehen, 
  1542.J* 
  

   81 
  Paulus 
  Draconus— 
  from 
  Purchas; 
  Ruyschet,- 
  e. 
  C* 
  

  

  