﻿IN 
  EUROPE 
  IN 
  THE 
  16TH 
  AND 
  17TH 
  CENTURIES. 
  37 
  

  

  as 
  wholly 
  imaginary. 
  That 
  locusts 
  ever 
  fell 
  at 
  any 
  time 
  or 
  in 
  any 
  

   country 
  a 
  cubit 
  thick 
  over 
  an 
  extended 
  area, 
  we 
  do 
  not 
  believe. 
  But 
  it 
  

   not 
  unfrequently 
  happens 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  driven 
  by 
  a 
  storm 
  and 
  lodged 
  

   in 
  a 
  ravine, 
  against 
  a 
  bank, 
  fence, 
  or 
  other 
  obstruction, 
  to 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  

   several 
  inches, 
  or 
  even 
  a 
  foot 
  or 
  more. 
  Purchas 
  32 
  remarks 
  that 
  u 
  great 
  

   droughts 
  produce 
  them, 
  at 
  least 
  cause 
  a 
  prodigious 
  increase 
  of 
  them 
  ; 
  in 
  

   1553, 
  after 
  five 
  years' 
  drought, 
  were 
  great 
  armies 
  of 
  them." 
  In 
  the 
  

   tenth 
  year 
  of 
  the 
  Emperor 
  Maurice, 
  after 
  a 
  great 
  drought, 
  extending 
  from 
  

   January 
  to 
  September, 
  there 
  were 
  infinite 
  numbers 
  of 
  locusts 
  in 
  Italy, 
  

   which 
  caused 
  a 
  two 
  years' 
  famine. 
  

  

  Valleriola 
  33 
  notices 
  an 
  invasion 
  of 
  Aries 
  in 
  1555. 
  An 
  invasion 
  of 
  

   Mailand 
  in 
  1550 
  is 
  also 
  mentioned. 
  34 
  

  

  For 
  another 
  hundred 
  years 
  from 
  this 
  time 
  Eussia 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  

   so 
  little 
  afflicted 
  by 
  the 
  locust 
  pest 
  that 
  Koppen 
  fails 
  to 
  note 
  a 
  single 
  

   invasion 
  of 
  that 
  country. 
  But 
  after 
  a 
  rest 
  of 
  forty 
  years 
  they 
  again 
  ap- 
  

   pear 
  in 
  Italy, 
  and 
  Lucretus 
  35 
  informs 
  us 
  that 
  — 
  

  

  So 
  great 
  were 
  the 
  injuries 
  caused 
  in 
  1571 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  that 
  the 
  Vice 
  Duke 
  of 
  

   Alcala, 
  D. 
  Parafante 
  de 
  Ribera, 
  was 
  obliged 
  to 
  put 
  forth 
  by 
  the 
  vote 
  and 
  advice 
  of 
  

   the 
  royal 
  council 
  on 
  the 
  8th 
  of 
  October, 
  1572, 
  the 
  first 
  pragmatic 
  decree 
  De 
  Bruchia, 
  

   title 
  23, 
  by 
  which 
  it 
  was 
  ordered 
  that 
  the 
  communes 
  should 
  appoint 
  experts 
  and 
  

   practical 
  men 
  to 
  explore 
  their 
  territories 
  and 
  to 
  search 
  out 
  all 
  the 
  places 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   locusts 
  had 
  deposited 
  their 
  eggs 
  ; 
  and 
  when 
  found 
  they 
  were 
  to 
  dig 
  trenches 
  in 
  the 
  

   months 
  of 
  September 
  and 
  October 
  through 
  which 
  operation 
  the 
  eggs 
  might 
  be 
  de- 
  

   stroyed. 
  And 
  in 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  April 
  the 
  swine 
  are 
  turned 
  loose 
  to 
  devour 
  the 
  locusts, 
  

   •of 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  very 
  gluttonous. 
  The 
  housewives 
  also 
  spread 
  sheets 
  or 
  pieces 
  of 
  

   ■cloth 
  at 
  convenient 
  times, 
  long 
  and 
  large, 
  upon 
  which 
  the 
  locusts 
  alighting 
  are 
  folded 
  

   up 
  and 
  entrapped. 
  

  

  In 
  1613, 
  in 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  May, 
  a 
  supposed 
  new 
  species 
  of 
  locust 
  ap- 
  

   peared 
  in 
  Provence 
  which 
  destroyed 
  the 
  entire 
  crops. 
  36 
  

  

  It 
  appears 
  from 
  two 
  papers, 
  one 
  by 
  Bart. 
  Xim. 
  Paton 
  37 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  

   by 
  Juan 
  de 
  Quinones, 
  38 
  of 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  seen 
  only 
  the 
  titles, 
  that 
  

   .Spain 
  was 
  afflicted 
  in 
  1618 
  or 
  1619, 
  probably 
  by 
  C. 
  italicus. 
  

  

  The 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  locust 
  swarms 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  Ukraine 
  in 
  1645 
  and 
  

   1646 
  by 
  Beauplan 
  39 
  is 
  so 
  interesting 
  that 
  we 
  give 
  it 
  here 
  : 
  

  

  The 
  grasshoppers, 
  or 
  locusts, 
  which 
  are 
  there 
  so 
  numerous 
  that 
  they 
  put 
  me 
  in 
  mind 
  

   of 
  the 
  scourge 
  which 
  God 
  sent 
  upon 
  Egypt 
  when 
  he 
  would 
  punish 
  Pharaoh. 
  I 
  have 
  

   .seen 
  this 
  plague 
  for 
  several 
  years 
  one 
  after 
  another, 
  particularly 
  in 
  1645 
  and 
  1646. 
  

   These 
  creatures 
  do 
  not 
  only 
  come 
  in 
  legions, 
  but 
  in 
  whole 
  clouds, 
  Jive 
  or 
  six 
  leagues 
  

   in 
  length 
  and 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  in 
  breadth, 
  and 
  generally 
  come 
  from 
  towards 
  Tartary 
  ; 
  

   which 
  happens 
  in 
  a 
  dry 
  spring; 
  for 
  Tartary 
  and 
  the 
  countries 
  east 
  of 
  it, 
  as 
  Circassia, 
  

  

  ^Loc. 
  cit. 
  

  

  ^Curationes 
  medicales. 
  Lib. 
  ii, 
  Ob. 
  1. 
  

  

  34 
  W. 
  Strauch, 
  "KatUrliche 
  Conterfeykung 
  des 
  gewaltigen 
  Fluges 
  Heuschrecken." 
  Hagen. 
  

  

  35 
  Loc 
  cit. 
  

  

  3C 
  Eembold 
  "Von 
  Heuschrecken," 
  45 
  — 
  Keferstein; 
  A. 
  Bersandier 
  "Discours 
  sur 
  le 
  d6gat 
  que 
  lea 
  

   santerelles 
  firent 
  en 
  Provence, 
  1613-1614." 
  

  

  37 
  "Discorso 
  de 
  la 
  langosta, 
  que 
  en 
  el 
  tiempo 
  presente 
  aflige 
  y 
  para 
  el 
  venidero 
  amenaza," 
  1619. 
  

  

  38 
  Tratado 
  de 
  las 
  langostas 
  rauy 
  util 
  y 
  necessario, 
  en 
  que 
  se 
  tratan 
  cosas 
  de 
  provecbo 
  y 
  curiosidad 
  

   para 
  todos 
  los 
  que 
  professau 
  letras 
  divinas 
  y 
  bumanas 
  y 
  las 
  uiayores 
  cienciaa. 
  Madrid, 
  1620. 
  

  

  39 
  "A 
  description 
  of 
  tbe 
  Ukraine, 
  - 
  ' 
  in 
  Churchill's 
  Voyages, 
  i, 
  p. 
  541. 
  

  

  