﻿38 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  Bazza, 
  Mingrelia, 
  are 
  seldom 
  free 
  from 
  them. 
  These 
  vermin 
  being 
  drove 
  by 
  an 
  cast 
  

   or 
  southeast 
  wind, 
  come 
  into 
  Ukraine, 
  where 
  they 
  do 
  much 
  mischief, 
  eating 
  up 
  all 
  

   sorts 
  of 
  grain 
  and 
  grass 
  ; 
  so 
  that 
  wheresoever 
  they 
  come, 
  in 
  less 
  than 
  two 
  hours 
  they 
  

   crop 
  all 
  they 
  find, 
  which 
  causes 
  great 
  scarcity 
  in 
  provisions 
  ; 
  and 
  if 
  the 
  locusts 
  re- 
  

   main 
  there 
  in 
  .autumn, 
  and 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  October, 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  they 
  die, 
  

   after 
  laying 
  at 
  least 
  three 
  hundred 
  eggs 
  apiece, 
  which 
  hatch 
  next 
  spring, 
  then 
  the 
  

   country 
  is 
  three 
  hundred 
  times 
  worse 
  pestered. 
  But 
  if 
  it 
  rains 
  when 
  they 
  begin 
  to- 
  

   hatch 
  they 
  all 
  die, 
  and 
  the 
  country 
  escapes 
  that 
  year 
  unless 
  they 
  come 
  from 
  other 
  

   parts. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  easy 
  to 
  express 
  their 
  numbers 
  for 
  all 
  the 
  air 
  is 
  full 
  and 
  darkened 
  ' 
  r 
  

   and 
  I 
  cannot 
  better 
  represent 
  their 
  flight 
  to 
  you 
  than 
  by 
  comparing 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  flakes 
  of 
  

   snow 
  in 
  cloudy 
  weather 
  drove 
  about 
  by 
  the 
  wind. 
  And 
  when 
  they 
  alight 
  upon 
  the 
  

   ground 
  to 
  feed, 
  the 
  plains 
  are 
  all 
  covered, 
  and 
  they 
  make 
  a 
  murmuring 
  noise 
  as 
  they 
  

   eat, 
  where 
  in 
  less 
  than 
  two 
  hours 
  they 
  devour 
  all 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  ground. 
  Then 
  rising 
  

   they 
  suffer 
  themselves 
  to 
  be 
  carried 
  away 
  by 
  the 
  wind, 
  and 
  when 
  they 
  fly, 
  though 
  

   the 
  sun 
  shines 
  never 
  so 
  bright, 
  it 
  is 
  no 
  lighter 
  than 
  when 
  most 
  cloudy. 
  

  

  In 
  June, 
  1646, 
  having 
  staid 
  two 
  months 
  in 
  a 
  new 
  town, 
  called 
  Novogorod, 
  where 
  I 
  

   was 
  building 
  a 
  citadel, 
  I 
  was 
  astonished 
  to 
  see 
  so 
  vast 
  a 
  multitude, 
  for 
  it 
  was 
  pro- 
  

   digious 
  to 
  behold 
  them, 
  because 
  they 
  were 
  hatched 
  there 
  that 
  spring, 
  and 
  being, 
  a» 
  

   yet, 
  scarce 
  able 
  to 
  fly, 
  the 
  ground 
  was 
  all 
  covered 
  and 
  the 
  air 
  so 
  full 
  of 
  them 
  that 
  I 
  

   could 
  not 
  eat 
  in 
  my 
  chamber 
  without 
  a 
  candle, 
  all 
  the 
  houses 
  being 
  full 
  of 
  them 
  even 
  

   to 
  the 
  stables, 
  barns, 
  chambers, 
  garrets, 
  and 
  cellars. 
  I 
  caused 
  cannon 
  powder 
  and 
  sul- 
  

   phur 
  to 
  be 
  burnt 
  to 
  expel 
  them, 
  but 
  all 
  to 
  no 
  purpose 
  ; 
  for 
  when 
  the 
  door 
  was 
  opened 
  

   an 
  infinite 
  number 
  came 
  in 
  and 
  the 
  others 
  went 
  out 
  fluttering 
  about. 
  And 
  it 
  was 
  a 
  

   troublesome 
  thing 
  when 
  a 
  man 
  went 
  abroad 
  to 
  be 
  hit 
  on 
  the 
  face 
  by 
  those 
  creatures 
  ;. 
  

   sometimes 
  on 
  the 
  nose, 
  sometimes 
  on 
  the 
  eyes, 
  and 
  sometimes 
  on 
  the 
  cheek, 
  so 
  that 
  

   there 
  was 
  no 
  opening 
  one's 
  mouth 
  but 
  some 
  would 
  get 
  in. 
  Yet 
  all 
  this 
  was 
  nothing,, 
  

   for 
  when 
  we 
  were 
  to 
  eat 
  these 
  creatures 
  gave 
  us 
  no 
  respite, 
  and 
  when 
  we 
  went 
  to 
  cut 
  

   a 
  bit 
  of 
  meat 
  we 
  cut 
  a 
  locust 
  with 
  it, 
  and 
  when 
  a 
  man 
  opened 
  his 
  mouth 
  to 
  put 
  in 
  a 
  

   morsel 
  he 
  was 
  sure 
  to 
  chew 
  one 
  of 
  them. 
  * 
  * 
  * 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  them 
  at 
  night, 
  when 
  

   they 
  sit 
  to 
  rest 
  them, 
  that 
  the 
  roads 
  were 
  four 
  inches 
  thick 
  of 
  them 
  one 
  upon 
  another, 
  

   so 
  that 
  the 
  horses 
  would 
  not 
  trample 
  over 
  them 
  but 
  as 
  they 
  were 
  put 
  on 
  with 
  much 
  

   lashing, 
  pricking 
  up 
  their 
  ears, 
  snorting, 
  and 
  treading 
  very 
  fearfully. 
  The 
  wheels 
  of 
  

   our 
  carts 
  and 
  the 
  feet 
  of 
  our 
  horses 
  bruising 
  those 
  creatures, 
  there 
  came 
  from 
  them 
  

   such 
  a 
  stink 
  as 
  not 
  only 
  offended 
  the 
  nose 
  but 
  the 
  brain. 
  I 
  was 
  not 
  able 
  to 
  endure 
  

   that 
  stench, 
  but 
  was 
  forced 
  to 
  wash 
  my 
  nose 
  in 
  vinegar 
  and 
  hold 
  a 
  handkerchief 
  dipped 
  

   in 
  it 
  continually 
  to 
  my 
  nostrils. 
  40 
  

  

  In 
  1650 
  Lithuania 
  and 
  Poland 
  were 
  again 
  visited, 
  41 
  and 
  in 
  1662 
  the 
  

   province 
  of 
  Puglia 
  Daunia. 
  42 
  In 
  1684 
  an 
  immense 
  number 
  appeared 
  in 
  

   Hungary 
  and 
  Austria. 
  43 
  In 
  the 
  year 
  following 
  an 
  immense 
  swarm 
  fell 
  

   near 
  Avignon. 
  44 
  

  

  In 
  1689 
  another 
  general 
  invasion 
  of 
  Northern 
  Europe 
  began, 
  striking 
  

   first 
  Lithuania 
  and 
  Poland 
  45 
  reaching 
  Yolhynia 
  in 
  Eussia 
  in 
  1690. 
  46 
  

   According 
  to 
  Rembold, 
  47 
  they 
  were 
  also 
  abundant 
  in 
  Ukraine. 
  In 
  1693. 
  

   they 
  swept 
  in 
  immense 
  swarms 
  through 
  Hungary, 
  Bohemia 
  and 
  Austria 
  

  

  40 
  Also 
  "Gentleman's 
  Magazine," 
  1748, 
  August, 
  p. 
  363. 
  . 
  

  

  41 
  Koppen, 
  114. 
  

  

  42 
  Lucretiis, 
  I. 
  c. 
  

  

  « 
  Rembold, 
  325. 
  

  

  44 
  H. 
  Justell, 
  Phil. 
  Trans., 
  1C86, 
  vol. 
  16, 
  p. 
  147. 
  

  

  46 
  Jean 
  Gallois, 
  "Observations 
  sur 
  les 
  sauterelles 
  qui 
  ont 
  ravag6 
  la 
  Pologne 
  et 
  la 
  Lithuanie 
  in 
  1689"— 
  

   Mem. 
  Acad. 
  Sci. 
  Paris, 
  v. 
  2, 
  88. 
  

  

  4c 
  Stoikoovitsch, 
  "TJber 
  die 
  Heuschrecken 
  und 
  die 
  Mittel 
  ihrer 
  Vextilgung," 
  1825, 
  s. 
  8— 
  Koppen 
  ; 
  S. 
  

   TJssans, 
  " 
  Particularity 
  remaiquables 
  des 
  Sauterelles 
  qui 
  sont 
  venues 
  en 
  Russie," 
  1690. 
  

  

  «P. 
  18-Keferstein. 
  

  

  