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  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  most 
  dirty 
  and 
  nasty 
  colored 
  wings 
  ; 
  and 
  these 
  are 
  plentiful 
  food 
  and 
  provision 
  for 
  

   them 
  all 
  their 
  days. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  year 
  62 
  of 
  the 
  Christian 
  era 
  a 
  plague 
  of 
  locusts 
  spread 
  over 
  Upper 
  Mesopo- 
  

   tamia, 
  and 
  devoured 
  vegetation 
  to 
  such 
  an 
  extent 
  that 
  the 
  Parthian 
  campaign 
  was 
  

   stopped 
  for 
  want 
  of 
  forage 
  61a 
  . 
  

  

  Capt. 
  Charles 
  G. 
  Frankland 
  62 
  , 
  July 
  26 
  and 
  27, 
  at 
  Smyrna 
  — 
  

  

  At 
  this 
  period 
  an 
  immense 
  flight 
  of 
  locusts 
  (which 
  indeed 
  had 
  for 
  some 
  days 
  shown 
  

   themselves 
  in 
  great 
  numbers) 
  passed 
  over 
  the 
  city, 
  falling 
  upon 
  the 
  roofs 
  of 
  the 
  houses 
  

   where 
  they 
  lay 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  inches 
  deep, 
  and 
  tumbled 
  into 
  the 
  sea 
  in 
  such 
  quantities 
  

   that 
  they 
  could 
  be 
  traced 
  in 
  continuous 
  streams 
  for 
  many 
  leagues 
  from 
  the 
  land, 
  re- 
  

   sembling 
  in 
  color 
  and 
  appearance 
  so 
  many 
  millions 
  of 
  broiled 
  shrimps- 
  These 
  insects 
  

   being 
  brought 
  by 
  the 
  sea-breeze 
  into 
  the 
  harbor, 
  were 
  thrown 
  upon 
  the 
  shore 
  and 
  

   against 
  the 
  quays 
  in 
  such 
  masses 
  that 
  their 
  putrified 
  carcasses 
  infected 
  the 
  air 
  in 
  all 
  

   directions. 
  The 
  passage 
  of 
  these 
  animals 
  lasted 
  during 
  many 
  da^s, 
  and 
  at 
  night 
  as 
  

   they 
  crossed 
  over 
  the 
  disk 
  of 
  the 
  moon, 
  by 
  reflecting 
  the 
  light 
  as 
  they 
  shot 
  across 
  the- 
  

   face 
  of 
  the 
  planet, 
  they 
  resembled 
  so 
  many 
  flakes 
  of 
  snow, 
  or 
  almost 
  as 
  many 
  shoot- 
  

   ing 
  stars. 
  The 
  heat 
  of 
  the 
  weather 
  at 
  this 
  period 
  (87°) 
  was 
  so 
  intense 
  that 
  during 
  

   the 
  night 
  I 
  was 
  always 
  obliged 
  to 
  sleep 
  with 
  my 
  windows 
  open, 
  the 
  consequence 
  of 
  

   which 
  was 
  that 
  the 
  locusts 
  used 
  to 
  tumble 
  into 
  my 
  room 
  and 
  upon 
  my 
  musquito 
  cur- 
  

   tains, 
  and 
  by 
  hopping 
  about 
  the 
  floor, 
  and 
  creeping 
  into 
  my 
  bed, 
  generally 
  annoyed 
  

   me 
  considerably. 
  

  

  He 
  observes 
  further 
  that 
  there 
  were 
  two 
  kinds, 
  one 
  more 
  lubberly 
  and 
  

   less 
  active 
  than 
  the 
  other. 
  M. 
  Lefebvre 
  63 
  states 
  that 
  during 
  one 
  of 
  his 
  

   voyages, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Smyrna, 
  " 
  the 
  earth 
  was 
  covered 
  in 
  a 
  

   short 
  time 
  to 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  about 
  two 
  inches 
  with 
  a 
  quantity 
  of 
  insects 
  

   appertaining 
  to 
  the 
  species 
  (Edipoda 
  cruciata 
  Charp." 
  

  

  Corance 
  64 
  observed 
  during 
  many 
  years 
  residence 
  in 
  the 
  island 
  of 
  Cy- 
  

   prus, 
  that 
  regularly 
  inside 
  of 
  two 
  years 
  swarms 
  of 
  locusts 
  were 
  thrown 
  

   upon 
  the 
  north 
  coasts 
  of 
  the 
  island 
  by 
  the 
  north 
  wind, 
  from 
  the 
  shores 
  

   of 
  Carmania, 
  which 
  completely 
  laid 
  waste 
  the 
  country. 
  Hasselquist 
  65 
  

   remarks 
  that 
  on 
  his 
  return 
  from 
  Cyprus 
  to 
  Smyrna 
  they 
  were 
  becalmed 
  

   for 
  some 
  days 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Carmania, 
  when 
  they 
  daily 
  got 
  some 
  grass- 
  

   hoppers 
  on 
  board 
  from 
  the 
  continent, 
  and 
  that 
  he 
  then 
  was 
  enabled 
  to. 
  

   observe 
  what 
  miserable 
  sailors 
  these 
  insects 
  are. 
  He 
  observes 
  that 
  in 
  

   the 
  month 
  of 
  May 
  and 
  June 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  them 
  were 
  seen 
  coming 
  from 
  

   the 
  south, 
  directing 
  their 
  course 
  to 
  the 
  northern 
  shore. 
  u 
  They 
  darken 
  

   the 
  sky 
  like 
  a 
  thick 
  cloud, 
  but 
  scarcely 
  have 
  they 
  quitted 
  the 
  shore 
  be- 
  

   fore 
  they, 
  who 
  have 
  ravaged 
  and 
  ruined 
  the 
  country, 
  cover 
  the 
  surface 
  

   of 
  the 
  sea 
  with 
  their 
  dead 
  bodies." 
  He 
  says 
  they 
  come 
  from 
  the 
  deserts 
  

   of 
  Arabia, 
  take 
  their 
  course 
  over 
  through 
  Palestine, 
  Syria, 
  Carmania, 
  

   Natolia 
  — 
  go 
  sometimes 
  through 
  Bithynia 
  by 
  Constantinople, 
  aud 
  con- 
  

   tinue 
  their 
  journey 
  through 
  Poland, 
  &c. 
  An 
  assumption 
  we 
  think 
  in 
  

   great 
  part 
  unwarranted. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  somewhat 
  singular 
  that 
  neither 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  travelers 
  in 
  Pales- 
  

   tine 
  — 
  Arculf, 
  Willibald, 
  Bernard 
  the 
  Wise, 
  Seawulf, 
  Sigurd 
  the 
  Crusa- 
  

  

  Cla 
  Tacitus, 
  Ann., 
  xv, 
  5. 
  — 
  Eawlinson, 
  Sixth 
  Orient. 
  Mon., 
  273. 
  

  

  62 
  "Travels 
  to 
  and 
  from 
  Constantinople 
  in 
  1827-28," 
  vol. 
  i, 
  264. 
  

  

  63 
  Annales 
  Soc. 
  Ent. 
  France, 
  1833, 
  ii, 
  338. 
  

   M 
  " 
  Itineraire," 
  Paris 
  181G, 
  p. 
  238.— 
  Hitter. 
  

  

  66 
  " 
  Voyages 
  and 
  Travels 
  in 
  the 
  Levant, 
  1749-52, 
  " 
  Engl, 
  transl.. 
  444. 
  

  

  