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  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  -cradle 
  of 
  these 
  animals." 
  He 
  often 
  saw 
  clouds 
  of 
  them 
  in 
  Persia 
  and 
  Syria. 
  

   The 
  species 
  found 
  in 
  Arabia 
  was 
  named 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Forskal 
  Gryllus 
  gregarius, 
  

   which, 
  he 
  thinks, 
  is 
  different 
  from 
  that 
  named 
  by 
  Linnaeus 
  G. 
  migra- 
  

   torius.™ 
  " 
  Jidda 
  or 
  Dsjidda," 
  according 
  to 
  his 
  map, 
  is 
  in 
  Arabia, 
  on 
  the 
  

   Bed 
  Sea, 
  latitude 
  21° 
  28', 
  near 
  Mecca. 
  

  

  Volney, 
  74 
  speaking 
  of 
  Syria, 
  states 
  that 
  the 
  inhabitants 
  of 
  Syria 
  have 
  

   remarked 
  that 
  the 
  locusts 
  are 
  bred 
  by 
  mild 
  winters, 
  and 
  that 
  they 
  al- 
  

   ways 
  come 
  from 
  the 
  deserts 
  of 
  Arabia. 
  That 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  southeast- 
  

   erly 
  winds 
  drive 
  with 
  violence 
  these 
  clouds 
  of 
  locusts 
  over 
  the 
  Mediter- 
  

   ranean, 
  where 
  such 
  quantities 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  drowned 
  that 
  when 
  their 
  

   carcasses 
  are 
  thrown 
  on 
  the 
  shore 
  they 
  infect 
  the 
  air 
  for 
  several 
  days, 
  

   even 
  to 
  a 
  great 
  distance. 
  

  

  St. 
  Jerome 
  speaks 
  of 
  seeing 
  the 
  thickest 
  swarms 
  traversing 
  Palestine 
  

   .and 
  laying 
  waste 
  the 
  land. 
  75 
  

  

  While 
  Olivier 
  found 
  the 
  destructive 
  locusts 
  in 
  a 
  great 
  part 
  of 
  North- 
  

   ern 
  Persia, 
  other 
  travelers 
  met 
  with 
  them 
  along 
  the 
  southern 
  borders 
  

   of 
  this 
  country. 
  Chardin 
  saw 
  near 
  Bender 
  Abassi, 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  

   March, 
  1674, 
  so 
  vast 
  a 
  cloud 
  that 
  the 
  sky 
  was 
  completely 
  darkened 
  by 
  

   them. 
  They 
  were 
  red 
  and 
  very 
  large. 
  76 
  J. 
  Morier 
  has, 
  in 
  his 
  opinion, 
  

   met 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  species 
  (which 
  Kefferstein 
  correctly 
  supposes 
  cannot 
  

   he 
  G. 
  migratorius) 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  1811, 
  at 
  exactly 
  the 
  same 
  season, 
  near 
  

   Abuschahr, 
  during 
  a 
  southeast 
  wind. 
  The 
  insects 
  had 
  legs 
  three 
  

   inches 
  long, 
  body 
  and 
  head 
  a 
  bright 
  yellow. 
  77 
  He 
  also 
  observed 
  them 
  

   4it 
  Shiraz 
  the 
  11th 
  of 
  July, 
  driven 
  by 
  a 
  southwest 
  wind. 
  Ousley 
  78 
  also 
  

   observed 
  locusts 
  in 
  the 
  southern 
  part 
  of 
  Persia. 
  They 
  also 
  visit 
  Kur- 
  

   distan 
  and 
  Southern 
  Media. 
  78 
  " 
  

  

  Burkhardt 
  79 
  asserts 
  that 
  STedjed, 
  or 
  the 
  central 
  and 
  elevated 
  portion 
  of 
  

   Arabia, 
  is 
  especially 
  subject 
  to 
  the 
  ravages 
  of 
  the 
  locusts. 
  That 
  when 
  

   they 
  have 
  devoured 
  the 
  crops 
  they 
  enter 
  the 
  huts 
  of 
  the 
  inhabitants, 
  

   even 
  into 
  the 
  innermost 
  chambers, 
  eating 
  everything, 
  even 
  to 
  the 
  leather 
  

   and 
  water-bottles 
  ; 
  and 
  that 
  they 
  multiply 
  rapidly 
  and 
  to 
  fearful 
  num- 
  

   bers 
  by 
  a 
  three 
  times 
  repeated 
  laying 
  of 
  eggs. 
  He 
  further 
  states 
  that 
  

   when 
  he 
  visited 
  the 
  peninsula 
  of 
  Sinai 
  in 
  1816 
  the 
  locusts 
  had 
  already 
  

   for 
  five 
  continuous 
  years 
  destroyed 
  the 
  harvests. 
  The 
  same 
  writer 
  80 
  re- 
  

   marks 
  as 
  follows, 
  in 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  Syrian 
  locusts 
  : 
  

  

  It 
  was 
  at 
  Naeme 
  (a 
  place 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Jordan) 
  that 
  I 
  sawfor 
  the 
  first 
  time 
  a 
  swarm 
  of 
  

   locusts 
  ; 
  they 
  so 
  completely 
  covered 
  the 
  ground 
  that 
  my 
  horse 
  killed 
  numbers 
  of 
  them 
  

   at 
  every 
  step. 
  This 
  species 
  is 
  called 
  in 
  Syria 
  Djered 
  Nedjdyat 
  or 
  Djerad 
  Teyar, 
  that 
  is, 
  

   the 
  flying 
  locusts, 
  being 
  thus 
  distinguished 
  from 
  the 
  other 
  species 
  called 
  Djerad 
  Dsahhaf 
  

   or 
  devouring 
  locusts. 
  The 
  former 
  have 
  a 
  yellow 
  body, 
  a 
  gray 
  breast, 
  and 
  wiugs 
  of 
  a 
  

  

  78 
  " 
  Travels 
  through 
  Arahia 
  and 
  other 
  Countries 
  in 
  the 
  East." 
  Heron's 
  translation, 
  ii, 
  334 
  et 
  »eq. 
  

  

  7* 
  " 
  Travels 
  through 
  Syria 
  and 
  Egypt 
  in 
  the 
  years 
  1773-75." 
  Translated 
  into 
  English, 
  i, 
  305. 
  

  

  "Comment, 
  on 
  Joel, 
  chap. 
  2. 
  

  

  76 
  " 
  Voyage," 
  vol. 
  ii, 
  p. 
  221.— 
  Hitter. 
  

  

  " 
  "2d 
  Journey," 
  43.— 
  Ritter. 
  

  

  78" 
  Travels," 
  i, 
  195. 
  

  

  "a 
  Rich. 
  Kurdistan, 
  173; 
  Kinneir, 
  p. 
  43 
  ; 
  Cbardin, 
  iii, 
  44. 
  

  

  w 
  " 
  Notes 
  on 
  the 
  Bedouins 
  and 
  Wahabis," 
  ii, 
  89. 
  

  

  8o 
  " 
  Travels 
  in 
  Syria 
  and 
  the 
  Holy 
  Land," 
  238. 
  

  

  