﻿54 
  EEPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  Bingger, 
  142 
  in 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  October, 
  1820, 
  observed 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  time 
  

   in 
  Paraguay 
  a 
  swarm 
  of 
  locusts 
  which 
  came 
  over 
  from 
  the 
  right 
  coast 
  of 
  

   Paraguay. 
  This 
  was 
  a 
  species 
  of 
  Acridium. 
  According 
  to 
  Molina/ 
  43 
  

   Chili 
  is 
  much 
  less 
  infested 
  with 
  grasshoppers 
  than 
  Oujo 
  and 
  many 
  other 
  

   countries 
  in 
  America. 
  Kefferstein 
  quotes 
  this 
  writer 
  incorrectly 
  as 
  say- 
  

   ing 
  they 
  also 
  show 
  themselves 
  here. 
  According 
  to 
  Fannin, 
  144 
  they 
  appear 
  

   to 
  be 
  rare 
  in 
  this 
  country. 
  

  

  Speaking 
  of 
  Uruguay, 
  Fannin 
  says 
  these 
  pests 
  appear 
  at 
  intervals 
  of 
  

   five, 
  six, 
  or 
  seven 
  years, 
  coming 
  from 
  the 
  north 
  in 
  armies 
  and 
  deposit- 
  

   ing 
  their 
  eggs 
  here. 
  

  

  Peter 
  Schmidtmeyer 
  observed 
  them 
  in 
  May 
  in 
  immense 
  numbers 
  be- 
  

   tween 
  San 
  Luis 
  and 
  Mendoza. 
  145 
  

  

  Darwin's 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  swarm 
  he 
  observed 
  at 
  Luxan, 
  in 
  March, 
  1825^ 
  

   has 
  already 
  been 
  given 
  in 
  our 
  First 
  Report. 
  146 
  We 
  need 
  only 
  to 
  call 
  

   attention 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  they 
  came 
  from 
  the 
  South 
  and 
  in 
  mass, 
  pre- 
  

   senting 
  a 
  cloud 
  of 
  dark 
  reddish-brown 
  color. 
  He 
  erroneously 
  supposed 
  

   them 
  to 
  be 
  identical 
  with 
  P. 
  migratorius, 
  as 
  the 
  species 
  which 
  is 
  migra- 
  

   tory 
  in 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  South 
  America, 
  as 
  has 
  been 
  ascertained 
  by 
  Bur- 
  

   meister, 
  is 
  Acridium 
  paranense. 
  A 
  list 
  of 
  works 
  relating 
  to 
  the 
  history 
  

   and 
  migrations 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  our 
  former 
  Report 
  (Ap- 
  

   pendix, 
  p. 
  278). 
  The 
  Gilliss 
  expedition 
  observed 
  them 
  near 
  San 
  Luis 
  : 
  

   Padre 
  Ovalle, 
  between 
  Mendoza 
  and 
  Buenos 
  Ayres. 
  147 
  

  

  For 
  accounts 
  of 
  their 
  migrations 
  and 
  operations 
  in 
  Central 
  America 
  

   and 
  Mexico 
  the 
  reader 
  is 
  referred 
  to 
  our 
  First 
  Report. 
  

  

  REMARKS. 
  

  

  Having 
  now 
  taken 
  a 
  general 
  but 
  brief 
  survey 
  of 
  the 
  movements 
  and 
  

   operations 
  of 
  locusts 
  in 
  the 
  various 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  world, 
  we 
  desire, 
  before 
  

   entering 
  upon 
  the 
  discussion 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  topics 
  relating 
  to 
  migration, 
  

   to 
  call 
  attention 
  to 
  certain 
  facts 
  which 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  indicated 
  by 
  this 
  

   survey. 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  is, 
  that 
  all 
  the 
  grand 
  divisions 
  of 
  the 
  earth 
  and 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  

   larger 
  faunal 
  regions 
  are 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  subject 
  to 
  ravages 
  of 
  locusts 
  ; 
  but 
  

   that 
  the 
  area 
  of 
  their 
  most 
  abundant 
  development 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  North- 
  

   ern 
  Africa, 
  Western 
  Asia, 
  and 
  Southern 
  Europe, 
  or 
  in 
  other 
  words 
  a 
  vast 
  

   semi-circular 
  sweep 
  around 
  the 
  eastern 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  Mediterranean 
  

   Sea, 
  reaching 
  from 
  Poland 
  around 
  the 
  Caspian 
  and 
  southern 
  end 
  of 
  Ara- 
  

   bia 
  to 
  Senegal. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  important 
  conclusion 
  to 
  be 
  drawn 
  is 
  that 
  wherever 
  they 
  

   are 
  largely 
  and 
  frequently 
  developed, 
  we 
  find 
  either 
  extensive 
  deserts 
  

  

  142 
  Reise 
  nach 
  Paraguay, 
  p. 
  420.— 
  Kefferstein. 
  

   i 
  43 
  Geog., 
  Nat., 
  and 
  Civil 
  Hist. 
  Chili, 
  Transl., 
  I, 
  p. 
  146. 
  

  

  144 
  "Chili, 
  Paraguay, 
  Uruguay, 
  and 
  Buenos 
  Ayres," 
  In 
  L'Univers, 
  XXV, 
  p. 
  6. 
  

   i4s 
  "Travels 
  in 
  Chili 
  over 
  the 
  Andes 
  in 
  the 
  years 
  1820 
  and 
  1821," 
  p. 
  167.- 
  

   » 
  46 
  P. 
  466. 
  

  

  147 
  First 
  Report 
  U. 
  S. 
  Entomological 
  Commission, 
  p. 
  466. 
  The 
  date 
  of 
  the 
  publication 
  of 
  Ovalle's 
  his- 
  

   tory 
  of 
  Chili 
  as 
  given 
  in 
  our 
  report— 
  1846— 
  is 
  probably 
  a 
  typographical 
  error, 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  1646. 
  

  

  