﻿82 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  feeling 
  themselves 
  at 
  home 
  wherever 
  they 
  stop, 
  they 
  follow 
  out 
  their 
  

   desire 
  for 
  reproduction. 
  

  

  Our 
  data 
  in 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  local 
  flights 
  of 
  other 
  locusts 
  are 
  not 
  suffi- 
  

   cient 
  to 
  admit 
  of 
  comparison 
  in 
  this 
  respect 
  with 
  what 
  is 
  known 
  of 
  C. 
  

   spretus. 
  

  

  We 
  notice 
  here 
  a 
  few 
  statements 
  by 
  travelers 
  and 
  others 
  in 
  reference 
  

   to 
  local 
  movements 
  of 
  other 
  species, 
  but 
  they 
  throw 
  little 
  light 
  on 
  the 
  

   subject 
  now 
  under 
  discussion. 
  J. 
  Morier, 
  180 
  while 
  at 
  Smyrna, 
  in 
  the 
  

   months 
  of 
  July 
  and 
  August, 
  observed 
  somewhat 
  carefully 
  the 
  locusts 
  

   which 
  had 
  hatched 
  out 
  very 
  abundantly 
  there 
  that 
  year 
  (1800). 
  We 
  

   judge 
  from 
  his 
  very 
  brief 
  description 
  that 
  the 
  species 
  was 
  A. 
  peregrimm. 
  

   He 
  remarks: 
  "It 
  was 
  now 
  completely 
  evident 
  that 
  their 
  devastations 
  

   were 
  to 
  curse 
  the 
  land. 
  They 
  remained 
  until 
  July 
  and 
  August 
  upon 
  

   the 
  fields, 
  driven 
  now 
  inland, 
  now 
  ocean 
  wards 
  by 
  the 
  winds 
  ; 
  laid 
  their 
  

   eggs 
  in 
  the 
  autumn, 
  and 
  destroyed, 
  when 
  the 
  corn 
  was 
  already 
  growing, 
  

   by 
  preference, 
  the 
  cotton, 
  mulberry 
  trees, 
  and 
  fig 
  trees." 
  

  

  The 
  great 
  swarm 
  which 
  entered 
  Germany 
  in 
  1693 
  produced 
  successive 
  

   broods 
  for 
  three 
  years 
  before 
  they 
  entirely 
  disappeared, 
  affording 
  Ludolph 
  

   an 
  opportunity 
  of 
  studying 
  their 
  habits, 
  of 
  which 
  he, 
  several 
  years 
  after- 
  

   wards, 
  gave 
  an 
  account. 
  181 
  In 
  this 
  he 
  speaks 
  of 
  their 
  passage 
  from 
  one 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  empire 
  to 
  another, 
  corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  movements 
  of 
  C. 
  

   spretus, 
  which 
  we 
  term 
  " 
  local 
  flights." 
  But 
  they 
  deposited 
  eggs 
  and 
  

   continued 
  to 
  reproduce 
  until 
  1696 
  before 
  disappearing. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  great 
  irruption 
  of 
  1748-1752 
  their 
  movements 
  were 
  somewhat 
  

   different, 
  as 
  the 
  resulting 
  broods 
  continued 
  to 
  press 
  on 
  westward. 
  

  

  2. 
  DISTANCE 
  A 
  SWARM 
  MAY 
  TRAVEL 
  IN 
  THE 
  COURSE 
  OF 
  ITS 
  MIGRA- 
  

   TIONS. 
  

  

  In 
  reference 
  to 
  migrations 
  two 
  extremes 
  have 
  been 
  maintained 
  by 
  

   entomologists 
  and 
  other 
  writers 
  on 
  the 
  subject, 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  well 
  shown 
  

   by 
  the 
  following 
  extract 
  from 
  Kefferstein's 
  paper 
  : 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  usually 
  held, 
  and 
  Fabricius 
  himself 
  says, 
  that 
  the 
  Gryllus 
  migratorius 
  dwells 
  

   properly 
  in 
  Tartary, 
  and 
  issuing 
  from 
  thence 
  in 
  great 
  masses 
  comes 
  in 
  his 
  migrations 
  

   even 
  to 
  Germany 
  and 
  lays 
  waste 
  everything 
  here 
  ; 
  but 
  when 
  we 
  consider 
  the 
  immense 
  

   distance 
  which 
  this 
  insect 
  must 
  pass 
  over 
  from 
  the 
  plains 
  of 
  Tartary 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  reach 
  

   Germany, 
  crossing 
  rivers 
  and 
  mountains, 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  very 
  short 
  period 
  of 
  

   existence 
  of 
  the 
  mature 
  insect 
  whose 
  end 
  is 
  merely 
  propagation, 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  die 
  upon 
  

   the 
  completion 
  of 
  this 
  life 
  task, 
  it 
  is 
  clear 
  that 
  the 
  assumption 
  of 
  the 
  migration 
  from 
  

   Tartary 
  into 
  Germany 
  is 
  an 
  empty 
  hypothesis 
  resting 
  only 
  upon 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  G. 
  

   migratoriw 
  is 
  found 
  abundantly 
  in 
  Tartary. 
  Moreover, 
  we 
  have 
  never, 
  according 
  to 
  

   any 
  existing 
  observations 
  on 
  the 
  subject, 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  follow 
  any 
  locust 
  swarm 
  back 
  

   from 
  Germany 
  into 
  Tartary. 
  Of 
  the 
  same 
  opinion 
  is 
  also 
  Schrank 
  ; 
  and 
  this 
  acute 
  

   naturalist 
  believes 
  that 
  the 
  locusts 
  wherever 
  they 
  show 
  themselves 
  destructive 
  were 
  

   there 
  likewise 
  born. 
  

  

  He 
  then 
  proceeds 
  to 
  illustrate 
  by 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  locusts 
  

   at 
  various 
  points 
  in 
  Europe, 
  where 
  he 
  contends 
  they 
  originated, 
  even 
  

  

  180 
  Second 
  journey, 
  99, 
  100. 
  

  

  181 
  Beachreibung 
  von 
  allerlei 
  Insecten 
  in 
  Deutchland. 
  Berlin, 
  1730. 
  Th. 
  9, 
  p. 
  6.— 
  Kefferstein. 
  

  

  