﻿DISTANCE 
  TO 
  WHICH 
  A 
  SWARM 
  MAY 
  MIGRATE. 
  83 
  

  

  contending 
  that 
  those 
  observed 
  in 
  England 
  in 
  1784 
  mast 
  have 
  originated 
  

   there. 
  Koppen 
  appears 
  to 
  lean 
  toward 
  the 
  same 
  opinion, 
  at 
  least 
  so 
  far 
  

   as 
  Southern 
  Kussia 
  is 
  concerned. 
  But, 
  as 
  heretofore 
  intimated, 
  the 
  facts 
  

   given 
  by 
  Keferstein 
  and 
  Koppen 
  themselves 
  show 
  beyond 
  doubt 
  that 
  

   the 
  locusts 
  do 
  pass 
  beyond 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  their 
  usual 
  hatching 
  grounds 
  

   into 
  sections 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  able 
  to 
  maintain 
  their 
  existence. 
  

  

  While 
  the 
  Tartary 
  of 
  the 
  older 
  entomologists 
  and 
  travelers 
  is 
  an 
  un- 
  

   certain 
  land, 
  and 
  while 
  we 
  must 
  admit 
  that 
  the 
  belief 
  held 
  by 
  many 
  that 
  

   the 
  locusts 
  in 
  a 
  single 
  season 
  or 
  single 
  migration 
  pass 
  from 
  the 
  regions 
  

   of 
  the 
  Caspian 
  Sea 
  to 
  Germany 
  is 
  not 
  based 
  upon 
  any 
  ascertained 
  fact, 
  

   and 
  unfounded, 
  yet 
  that 
  by 
  successive 
  stages 
  they 
  have 
  passed 
  from 
  

   Bessarabia 
  and 
  Southern 
  Bussia 
  into 
  Poland 
  and 
  Germany 
  has 
  been 
  

   established 
  beyond 
  doubt. 
  That 
  in 
  our 
  own 
  country 
  C. 
  spretus 
  has 
  mi- 
  

   grated 
  in 
  a 
  single 
  season 
  from 
  Montana 
  into 
  Nebraska 
  and 
  Kansas 
  ap- 
  

   pears 
  now 
  to 
  be 
  too 
  well 
  established 
  to 
  any 
  longer 
  admit 
  of 
  doubt. 
  The 
  

   writer 
  for 
  some 
  time 
  was 
  disposed 
  to 
  doubt 
  this 
  as 
  was 
  also 
  Mr. 
  S. 
  H. 
  

   Scudder, 
  but 
  the 
  facts 
  ascertained 
  by 
  the 
  commission 
  have 
  proven 
  it 
  

   beyond 
  question. 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  positive 
  evidence 
  we 
  have 
  in 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  distance 
  

   swarms 
  of 
  the 
  Bocky 
  Mountain 
  locust 
  travel 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  drawn 
  from 
  the 
  

   records 
  of 
  return 
  flights. 
  

  

  As 
  we 
  have 
  now 
  ascertained 
  somewhat 
  definitely 
  the 
  date 
  at 
  which 
  

   they 
  acquire 
  wings 
  at 
  different 
  latitudes 
  we 
  can 
  judge 
  with 
  considerable 
  

   certainty 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  latitude 
  in 
  which 
  an 
  early 
  swarm 
  seen 
  flying 
  north- 
  

   ward 
  originated. 
  As 
  our 
  record 
  of 
  flights 
  in 
  1877 
  is 
  very 
  full 
  and 
  we 
  

   may 
  say 
  almost 
  complete 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  area 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  mountains, 
  we 
  are 
  

   enabled 
  to 
  trace 
  with 
  almost 
  positive 
  certainty 
  the 
  earlier 
  swarms 
  to 
  

   their 
  starting 
  point. 
  Those 
  hatched 
  in 
  Kansas 
  did 
  not 
  commence 
  to 
  

   move 
  until 
  in 
  June, 
  the 
  earliest 
  noted 
  being 
  about 
  the 
  10th 
  or 
  12th, 
  but 
  

   it 
  is 
  quite 
  probable 
  some 
  small 
  swarms 
  left 
  the 
  more 
  southern 
  parts 
  a 
  

   few 
  days 
  earlier. 
  In 
  the 
  southern 
  part 
  of 
  Nebraska 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  gen- 
  

   eral 
  movement, 
  but 
  the 
  earliest 
  of 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  any 
  record 
  was 
  in 
  the 
  

   latter 
  part 
  of 
  June. 
  In 
  Texas, 
  the 
  movement 
  commenced 
  soon 
  after 
  the 
  

   middle 
  of 
  April, 
  from 
  the 
  central 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  State, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  10th 
  of 
  

   May 
  all 
  had 
  departed. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  15th 
  of 
  May 
  a 
  swarm 
  was 
  observed 
  at 
  Amazon, 
  in 
  Franklin 
  

   County, 
  Nebraska, 
  flying 
  north 
  ; 
  swarms 
  were 
  observed 
  two 
  days 
  later, 
  

   passing 
  northward 
  over 
  Trego 
  County, 
  Kansas. 
  From 
  this 
  time 
  until 
  

   the 
  25th 
  of 
  the 
  month, 
  numerous 
  swarms 
  were 
  observed 
  passing 
  north- 
  

   ward 
  over 
  the 
  western 
  part 
  of 
  Kansas 
  and 
  Nebraska, 
  and 
  the 
  northeast 
  

   corner 
  of 
  Colorado. 
  And 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  month 
  some 
  swarms 
  

   from 
  the 
  south 
  settled 
  down 
  at 
  the 
  Black 
  Hills, 
  and 
  there 
  deposited 
  their 
  

   eggs. 
  As 
  the 
  locusts 
  in 
  Kansas, 
  Nebraska, 
  Colorado, 
  and 
  in 
  this 
  lati- 
  

   tude 
  were 
  not 
  yet 
  fully 
  fledged, 
  it 
  is 
  certain 
  that 
  those 
  seen 
  flying 
  came 
  

   from 
  some 
  point 
  south 
  of 
  Kansas 
  j 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  meager 
  reports 
  we 
  re- 
  

   ceived 
  from 
  Indian 
  Territory 
  (the 
  only 
  section 
  from 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  

  

  