﻿214 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  of 
  pale 
  fibres, 
  running 
  singly, 
  and 
  parallel 
  to 
  one 
  another 
  around 
  the 
  

   stomach. 
  Between 
  this 
  layer 
  and 
  the 
  tunica 
  propria 
  there 
  are 
  some 
  in- 
  

   distinct 
  longitudinal 
  fibres 
  that 
  may 
  be 
  muscular 
  j 
  these 
  fibres 
  also 
  ap- 
  

   pear 
  in 
  transverse 
  sections. 
  If 
  my 
  supposition 
  as 
  to 
  their 
  nature 
  is 
  

   correct, 
  then 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  layers 
  of 
  unstriated 
  muscles, 
  the 
  longitudi- 
  

   nal 
  layer 
  being 
  innermost, 
  just 
  as 
  we 
  found 
  with 
  the 
  striated 
  muscles 
  of 
  

   the 
  oesophagus. 
  Most 
  externally 
  are 
  the 
  longitudinal 
  striped 
  muscles,, 
  

   which 
  are 
  distributed 
  in 
  single 
  bundles 
  (L 
  } 
  £,) 
  and 
  do 
  not 
  form 
  a 
  con- 
  

   tinuous 
  layer. 
  Each 
  bundle 
  is 
  composed 
  of 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  fibres 
  and 
  pur- 
  

   sues 
  its 
  own 
  course 
  ; 
  the 
  bundles 
  are 
  not 
  parallel, 
  as 
  will 
  be 
  evident 
  upon 
  

   glancing 
  at 
  the 
  Fig. 
  39 
  $ 
  sometimes 
  two 
  bundles 
  unite, 
  or 
  one 
  bundle 
  

   connects 
  two 
  others 
  ; 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  these 
  irregularities, 
  however, 
  the 
  trend 
  

   of 
  the 
  muscles 
  is 
  lengthwise 
  of 
  the 
  stomach. 
  Finally, 
  it 
  must 
  be 
  men- 
  

   tioned 
  that 
  numerous 
  tracheal 
  branches 
  penetrate 
  the 
  muscular 
  layers 
  

   and 
  ramify 
  both 
  through 
  them 
  and 
  also 
  through 
  the 
  connective 
  tissue. 
  

  

  A 
  transverse 
  section 
  (Fig. 
  36) 
  through 
  the 
  walls 
  of 
  the 
  stomach 
  exhib- 
  

   its 
  further 
  structural 
  features. 
  The 
  epithelium 
  is 
  composed 
  of 
  cylindri- 
  

   cal 
  cells, 
  with 
  large, 
  finely 
  granular 
  nuclei, 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  a 
  nucle- 
  

   olus 
  can 
  be 
  distinguished 
  ; 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  the 
  single 
  cells 
  are 
  not 
  well 
  

   defined. 
  The 
  follicles 
  are 
  formed 
  by 
  simple 
  involutions 
  of 
  the 
  epithe- 
  

   lium, 
  there 
  being 
  no 
  apparent 
  change 
  in 
  the 
  general 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  

   cells 
  except 
  in 
  their 
  shape, 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  plain 
  enough 
  in 
  sections 
  for 
  me 
  

   to 
  describe 
  it 
  with 
  real 
  accuracy. 
  They 
  are, 
  however, 
  certainly 
  not 
  

   spherical, 
  as 
  affirmed 
  by 
  Sirodot. 
  The 
  epithelium 
  is 
  covered 
  by 
  a 
  cuti- 
  

   cula, 
  cu., 
  which 
  also 
  descends 
  into 
  the 
  follicles, 
  and 
  is 
  traversed 
  by 
  nu- 
  

   merous 
  pore-canals. 
  I 
  cannot 
  make 
  out 
  any 
  basement 
  membrane, 
  but 
  

   apparently 
  the 
  epithelium 
  rests 
  immediately 
  upon 
  the 
  connective 
  tissue, 
  

   conn. 
  The 
  manner 
  in 
  which 
  this 
  layer 
  extends 
  up 
  between 
  the 
  follicles 
  

   is 
  seen 
  very 
  plainly 
  in 
  transverse 
  section 
  5 
  it 
  is 
  comparatively 
  thin, 
  as 
  is 
  

   also 
  the 
  circular 
  coat, 
  muc 
  n 
  of 
  unstriated 
  muscles. 
  In 
  the 
  part 
  figured 
  it 
  

   so 
  happens 
  that 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  longitudinal 
  bundles 
  of 
  striated 
  muscle, 
  

   but 
  the 
  tracheae, 
  Tr., 
  appear 
  very 
  distinctly. 
  

  

  The 
  ventricle 
  of 
  Anabrus 
  differs 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  locusts, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  

   have 
  observed, 
  only 
  in 
  unimportant 
  details. 
  The 
  diameter 
  of 
  the 
  glands 
  

   is 
  somewhat 
  greater, 
  as 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  cups 
  " 
  of 
  connect- 
  

   ive 
  tissue 
  (Of. 
  Figs. 
  66 
  and 
  39) 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  rest. 
  The 
  longitudinal 
  

   muscles 
  form 
  more 
  regular 
  bundles 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  locusts, 
  and 
  fibres 
  cross 
  

   less 
  frequently 
  from 
  one 
  bundle 
  to 
  another. 
  

  

  Diverticula. 
  — 
  I 
  employ 
  this 
  name 
  for 
  the 
  six 
  caecal 
  pouches, 
  frequently 
  

   called 
  the 
  appendices 
  ventricular 
  es. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  commonly 
  stated 
  that 
  

   these 
  cseca 
  do 
  not 
  differ 
  in 
  structure 
  from 
  the 
  stomach, 
  a 
  statement 
  which, 
  

   though 
  quite 
  incorrect, 
  is 
  repeated 
  even 
  by 
  so 
  exact 
  an 
  author 
  as 
  Milne- 
  

   Edwards, 
  in 
  his 
  magnificient 
  compilation 
  of 
  Anatomy 
  and 
  Physiology. 
  30 
  * 
  

   Yet, 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  great 
  difference, 
  had 
  been 
  noted 
  in 
  184G 
  by 
  H. 
  Meckel, 
  304 
  

  

  303 
  Milne-Edwards 
  : 
  Logons 
  sur 
  La 
  Physiologic. 
  Tomo 
  v., 
  p. 
  608-C09. 
  

   304 
  Meckel: 
  Mullcr's 
  Arch., 
  1846, 
  p. 
  38 
  ff. 
  . 
  

  

  