﻿HISTOLOGY 
  OF 
  THE 
  LOCUST 
  AND 
  CRICKET. 
  185 
  

  

  of 
  my 
  own 
  observations 
  as 
  I 
  believe 
  to 
  be 
  new. 
  I 
  shall 
  give 
  a 
  more 
  

   complete 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  digestive 
  canal 
  than 
  of 
  any 
  other 
  system. 
  The 
  

   figures 
  on 
  Plates 
  II-YIII 
  are 
  numbered 
  consecutively 
  from 
  1 
  to 
  GO. 
  

  

  In 
  order 
  to 
  make 
  the 
  relation 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  organs 
  to 
  one 
  another 
  

   more 
  evident, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  to 
  explain 
  the 
  classification 
  of 
  the 
  

   tissues, 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  generally 
  adopted 
  upon 
  embryological 
  grounds, 
  

   I 
  figure 
  and 
  describe 
  two 
  sections 
  through 
  the 
  abdomen 
  of 
  the 
  grass- 
  

   hopper, 
  Plate 
  II, 
  Figs. 
  1 
  and 
  2. 
  They 
  are 
  both 
  semi-diagrammatic, 
  being 
  

   intended 
  to 
  represent 
  rather 
  the 
  general 
  arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  parts 
  than 
  

   their 
  exact 
  disposition 
  in 
  a 
  particular 
  section. 
  To 
  insure 
  accuracy, 
  

   however, 
  the 
  outlines 
  of 
  both 
  the 
  drawings 
  were 
  made 
  with 
  the 
  camera 
  

   lucida 
  from 
  actual 
  sections, 
  and 
  these 
  outlines 
  were 
  then 
  changed 
  only 
  

   so 
  much 
  as 
  was 
  necessary 
  to 
  remove 
  very 
  slight 
  irregularities. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  1 
  is 
  a 
  transverse 
  section 
  through 
  the 
  abdomen 
  of 
  a 
  female 
  at 
  the 
  

   level 
  of 
  the 
  posterior 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  stomach. 
  The 
  outer 
  wall 
  D, 
  art., 
  Y, 
  is 
  

   shaded 
  and 
  represented 
  of 
  nearly 
  uniform 
  thickness, 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  quite 
  

   exact. 
  Outermost 
  is 
  the 
  cuticula, 
  next 
  the 
  epidermis, 
  or 
  cellular 
  matrix, 
  

   and 
  innermost 
  the 
  muscles— 
  the 
  three 
  parts 
  that 
  make 
  up 
  the 
  outer 
  wall 
  

   of 
  the 
  body. 
  The 
  same 
  is 
  true 
  of 
  the 
  section 
  through 
  the 
  male, 
  Fig. 
  2. 
  

   This 
  section, 
  however, 
  is 
  taken 
  further 
  back 
  in 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  being 
  

   through 
  the 
  colon 
  ; 
  compare 
  Fig. 
  45 
  col. 
  The 
  walls 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  are 
  

   divided 
  into 
  a 
  large 
  dorsal 
  arch, 
  D, 
  and 
  a 
  smaller 
  ventral 
  arch, 
  F, 
  the 
  

   two 
  being 
  united 
  on 
  either 
  side 
  by 
  an 
  articulating 
  membrane, 
  art., 
  which 
  

   will 
  be 
  described 
  in 
  speaking 
  of 
  the 
  cuticula 
  further 
  on. 
  The 
  dorsal 
  

   arch 
  is 
  really 
  composed 
  of 
  the 
  tergite 
  and 
  the 
  pleurites 
  fused 
  together 
  

   into 
  one 
  piece.- 
  5 
  Within 
  the 
  body 
  walls, 
  which 
  form, 
  so 
  to 
  speak, 
  a 
  con- 
  

   tinuous 
  tube, 
  there 
  runs 
  from 
  mouth 
  to 
  anus 
  a 
  second 
  tube 
  of 
  smaller 
  

   diameter, 
  the 
  digestive 
  canal, 
  the 
  general 
  course 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  shown 
  very 
  

   clearly 
  in 
  a 
  longitudinal 
  section 
  through 
  a 
  whole 
  grasshopper, 
  see 
  Fig. 
  45 
  # 
  

   In 
  a 
  transverse 
  section 
  the 
  digestive 
  tract 
  also 
  appears 
  (Fig. 
  1, 
  St.] 
  

   stomach, 
  Fig. 
  2, 
  col, 
  colon), 
  separated 
  by 
  a 
  considerable 
  space 
  from 
  the 
  

   body 
  walls. 
  In 
  this 
  intervening 
  space 
  there 
  lie 
  various 
  other 
  organs, 
  

   notably 
  those 
  of 
  reproduction. 
  In 
  the 
  female, 
  Fig. 
  1, 
  it 
  so 
  happens 
  that 
  

   at 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  stomach 
  the 
  sexual 
  organs 
  lie 
  above 
  the 
  intestinal 
  

   canal, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  male, 
  at 
  the 
  point 
  represented 
  in 
  Fig. 
  2, 
  the 
  sexual 
  

   organs 
  lie 
  partly 
  above, 
  partly 
  below, 
  the 
  colon. 
  In 
  the 
  female 
  we 
  notice 
  

   first 
  the 
  round 
  tubes 
  of 
  the 
  ovary, 
  Ov 
  ; 
  second, 
  the 
  ovarian 
  ducts, 
  ovd., 
  

   and, 
  third, 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  the 
  large 
  uterus, 
  UL, 
  or 
  upper 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  oviduct, 
  

   into 
  which 
  the 
  ovarian 
  ducts 
  open 
  directly. 
  In 
  the 
  male, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  

   hand, 
  we 
  see 
  the 
  testes, 
  Te., 
  lying 
  above 
  the 
  intestine, 
  the 
  single 
  tubes 
  

   round 
  in 
  section, 
  being 
  embedded 
  in 
  or 
  surrounded 
  by 
  connective 
  tissue 
  

   (Leydig's 
  zellig-blasiges 
  Gewebe), 
  and 
  below 
  the 
  colon, 
  col, 
  he 
  the 
  spermi- 
  

   ducts 
  or 
  vasa 
  deferentia, 
  (v. 
  def.) 
  Finally, 
  between 
  the 
  inner 
  and 
  outer 
  

   tubes 
  lie 
  various 
  muscles, 
  the 
  Malpighian 
  vessels, 
  and 
  the 
  numerous 
  

   branches 
  of 
  the 
  tracheae. 
  These 
  are 
  all 
  left 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  drawing 
  except 
  a 
  

  

  * 
  Qraber 
  Die 
  Tympanalen 
  Siimesapparate 
  der 
  Orthopteren. 
  Denkschr. 
  Wien. 
  Akad, 
  Bd. 
  36 
  (1876), 
  p. 
  75. 
  

  

  