﻿210 
  EEPOET 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  surface 
  is 
  thrown 
  up 
  into 
  six 
  longitudinal 
  folds, 
  the 
  rectal 
  glands, 
  three 
  

   of 
  which 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  each 
  half-section. 
  The 
  rectum 
  opens 
  into 
  the 
  

   short 
  anal 
  tube, 
  An., 
  which 
  opens 
  externally 
  on 
  the 
  back 
  just 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  

   the 
  upper 
  clasper. 
  

  

  Crop. 
  — 
  Both 
  divisions 
  have 
  their 
  walls 
  composed 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  layers 
  : 
  

   1, 
  an 
  internal 
  chitinous 
  cuticula, 
  which 
  forms 
  the 
  hard 
  covering 
  of 
  the 
  

   ridges 
  ; 
  2, 
  the 
  underlying 
  epithelium, 
  the 
  matrix 
  of 
  the 
  cuticula, 
  which 
  

   seems 
  to 
  be 
  pigmented, 
  but 
  unfortunately 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  distinct 
  in 
  my 
  

   preparations 
  5 
  3, 
  an 
  inner 
  layer 
  of 
  longitudinal 
  muscles 
  ; 
  and 
  4, 
  an 
  exter- 
  

   nal 
  layer 
  of 
  circular 
  muscular 
  fibres. 
  The 
  muscular 
  fibres 
  of 
  the 
  crop 
  are 
  

   all 
  striated. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  layer 
  of 
  connective 
  tissue 
  between 
  the 
  muscles 
  and 
  

   the 
  epithelium 
  (Wilde), 
  making 
  five 
  layers 
  in 
  all. 
  As 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  distinct 
  in 
  

   my 
  preparations 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  enumerate 
  it 
  with 
  those 
  I 
  have 
  myself 
  made 
  

   out. 
  In 
  the 
  front 
  division 
  the 
  ridges 
  are 
  transverse, 
  somewhat 
  irreg- 
  

   ular, 
  but 
  each 
  one 
  continuous 
  and 
  not 
  formed 
  of 
  single 
  teeth 
  ; 
  they 
  

   are 
  much 
  more 
  numerous 
  and 
  closely 
  crowded 
  in 
  femur-rubrum 
  than 
  in 
  

   spretus. 
  The 
  inner 
  covering 
  of 
  the 
  ridges 
  is 
  the 
  thick 
  cuticula. 
  Upon 
  

   the 
  posterior 
  edge 
  of 
  each 
  ridge 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  row 
  of 
  sharp 
  chitinous 
  spines 
  

   which 
  point 
  inwards 
  and 
  backwards. 
  The 
  ridges 
  are 
  not 
  all 
  parallel, 
  as 
  

   is 
  shown 
  in 
  Fig. 
  45. 
  Those 
  next 
  the 
  oesophagus 
  are 
  broader 
  than 
  the 
  

   rest 
  and 
  are 
  armed 
  with 
  several 
  rows 
  of 
  spines. 
  The 
  posterior 
  ridges 
  

   become 
  first 
  slightly 
  irregular, 
  then 
  zigzag, 
  and 
  so 
  gradually 
  change 
  

   their 
  direction 
  until 
  they 
  become 
  longitudinal 
  and 
  very 
  regularly 
  paral- 
  

   lel. 
  The 
  area 
  where 
  the 
  ridges 
  are 
  zigzag 
  marks 
  the 
  limit 
  between 
  the 
  

   two 
  divisions 
  of 
  the 
  crop. 
  The 
  two 
  muscular 
  layers 
  are 
  well 
  developed 
  

   in 
  the 
  front 
  division, 
  the 
  longitudinal, 
  which 
  are 
  of 
  course 
  transverse 
  to 
  

   the 
  ridges, 
  being 
  particularly 
  powerful. 
  

  

  The 
  posterior 
  segment 
  of 
  the 
  crop, 
  Fig. 
  45, 
  Or. 
  2 
  , 
  has 
  longitudinal 
  ridges. 
  

   In 
  a 
  transverse 
  section, 
  Fig. 
  35, 
  it 
  is 
  seen 
  that 
  the 
  ridges 
  are 
  small, 
  n$., 
  

   rounded 
  on 
  top, 
  with 
  small 
  projecting 
  cuticular 
  spines 
  of 
  yellowish 
  color, 
  

   s, 
  s. 
  In 
  each 
  ridge 
  the 
  pigmented 
  epithelium 
  appears 
  as 
  a 
  dark 
  layer 
  

   underneath 
  the 
  cuticula. 
  The 
  inner 
  muscular 
  coat, 
  2/, 
  of 
  longitudinal 
  fibres 
  

   is 
  but 
  little 
  developed 
  in 
  comparison 
  with 
  the 
  enormous 
  coat 
  of 
  circular 
  

   fibers, 
  muc. 
  G. 
  Thus 
  we 
  see 
  that, 
  in 
  both 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  crop, 
  that 
  muscu- 
  

   lar 
  coat 
  obtains 
  predominance 
  whose 
  fibres 
  run 
  transversely 
  to 
  the 
  direc- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  ridges. 
  An 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  inner 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  crop 
  reveals 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  ridges 
  are 
  not 
  continuous, 
  but 
  

   composed 
  of 
  rows 
  of 
  imperfectly 
  individualized 
  oblong 
  teeth, 
  each 
  of 
  

   which 
  is 
  armed 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  small 
  spines. 
  

  

  It 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  that 
  the 
  general 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  crop 
  is 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  

   in 
  the 
  cockroach, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  descriptions 
  of 
  Basch, 
  294 
  who 
  adds 
  that 
  

   the 
  epithelium 
  corresponds 
  to 
  Ramdohr's 
  u 
  flocUge-Lage^ 
  and 
  is 
  the 
  

   same 
  as 
  the 
  membrana 
  propria 
  of 
  Straus-Durckheim 
  and 
  Burmeister. 
  

   Finally, 
  I 
  must 
  call 
  particular 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  recent 
  capital 
  memoir 
  295 
  of 
  

  

  304 
  S. 
  Basch. 
  Sitzher. 
  Wien. 
  Akad. 
  (1858), 
  xxxiii, 
  p. 
  242. 
  

  

  295 
  K. 
  F. 
  Wilde* 
  Untorsuchungen 
  liber 
  don 
  Kaumagon 
  dor 
  Orthoptoren. 
  Arch. 
  f. 
  Naturgesch. 
  

   Jahrg. 
  xliv, 
  l.Bd., 
  p. 
  135 
  (1877). 
  

  

  

  