﻿282 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  Below 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  Gardiner's 
  Eiver 
  the 
  Yellowstone 
  flows 
  for 
  8 
  miles 
  

   in 
  a 
  sage 
  valley 
  containing 
  enough 
  grass 
  to 
  make 
  it 
  fair 
  grazing 
  land, 
  

   while 
  grass 
  extends 
  up 
  the 
  slopes 
  of 
  the 
  limiting 
  ranges 
  for 
  nearly 
  1,000 
  

   feet, 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  replaced 
  by 
  timber. 
  

  

  Below 
  this 
  valley 
  follows 
  the 
  second 
  canon, 
  where 
  the 
  wooded 
  moun- 
  

   tain 
  slopes 
  come 
  close 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  river's 
  margin. 
  This 
  is 
  succeeded 
  

   by 
  a 
  long, 
  broad, 
  grassy 
  valley, 
  extending 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  lower 
  caiion, 
  a 
  

   distance 
  of 
  29 
  miles. 
  This 
  open 
  valley 
  has 
  an 
  average 
  width 
  of 
  4 
  to 
  5 
  

   miles. 
  On 
  the 
  east 
  it 
  extends 
  to 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  Yellowstone 
  Bange, 
  and 
  

   on 
  the 
  west 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Gallatin 
  Bange, 
  which 
  here 
  separates 
  the 
  Yel- 
  

   lowstone 
  from 
  the 
  Gallatin 
  Eiver. 
  This 
  valley 
  contains 
  at 
  present 
  a 
  

   small 
  ranch 
  population. 
  

  

  Below 
  this 
  fine 
  valley 
  is 
  the 
  short 
  lower 
  cauon, 
  where 
  the 
  river 
  has 
  

   carved 
  a 
  passage 
  through 
  a 
  bare 
  ridge 
  connecting 
  the 
  limiting 
  ranges. 
  

   Below 
  this 
  an 
  open, 
  grassy 
  country 
  extends 
  down 
  the 
  river 
  to 
  the 
  bend 
  

   to 
  the 
  eastward, 
  and 
  up 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  Shield's 
  Biver, 
  a 
  large, 
  left 
  hand 
  

   branch, 
  nearly 
  to 
  its 
  head. 
  

  

  All 
  the 
  open 
  country 
  on 
  the 
  drainage 
  of 
  the 
  Yellowstone 
  is 
  suscepti- 
  

   ble 
  of 
  being 
  easily 
  burned 
  over. 
  The 
  soil 
  is 
  almost 
  everywhere 
  more 
  

   or 
  less 
  gravelly 
  or 
  sandy 
  ; 
  nowhere 
  a 
  heavy 
  clay. 
  

  

  The 
  Madison 
  Biver, 
  like 
  the 
  Yellowstone, 
  heads 
  in 
  the 
  high, 
  heavily- 
  

   timbered 
  country 
  of 
  the 
  Yellowstone 
  Park, 
  opposite 
  the 
  heads 
  of 
  the 
  

   Snake. 
  Its 
  drainage 
  area 
  is 
  timbered 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  the 
  second 
  canon, 
  

   below 
  the 
  mouths 
  of 
  its 
  east 
  and 
  south 
  forks. 
  The 
  valleys 
  of 
  these 
  

   streams, 
  too, 
  are 
  heavily 
  timbered. 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  canon, 
  northward 
  to 
  the 
  lower 
  caiion 
  

   the 
  Madison 
  Valley 
  consists 
  almost 
  entirety 
  of 
  a 
  succession 
  of 
  terraces 
  

   of 
  gravelly 
  soil, 
  covered 
  with 
  grass 
  and 
  sage. 
  This 
  valley 
  has 
  a 
  length 
  

   of 
  50 
  miles 
  and 
  an 
  average 
  width 
  of 
  6 
  or 
  7 
  miles. 
  On 
  either 
  hand 
  is 
  a 
  

   high 
  range 
  of 
  mountains, 
  timbered 
  almost 
  to 
  their 
  bases. 
  All 
  this 
  val- 
  

   ley 
  can 
  easily 
  be 
  burned 
  over. 
  

  

  The 
  lower 
  canon 
  of 
  the 
  Madison 
  is 
  cut 
  in 
  sparsely 
  timbered 
  hills, 
  be- 
  

   low 
  which 
  the 
  river 
  enters 
  the 
  broad 
  expanse 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  Gallatin 
  

   Valley. 
  This 
  fine 
  large 
  basin, 
  second 
  to 
  none 
  in 
  Montana 
  for 
  agricul- 
  

   tural 
  and 
  grazing 
  purposes, 
  save 
  perhaps 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Bitterroot, 
  has 
  a 
  

   total 
  length 
  of 
  32 
  miles, 
  with 
  a 
  width 
  of 
  25. 
  It 
  extends 
  southward 
  from 
  

   the 
  forks 
  of 
  tae 
  Missouri, 
  up 
  the 
  Madison 
  and 
  Gallatin 
  Rivers 
  to 
  the 
  

   north 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  Gallatin 
  and 
  Madison 
  Banges, 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  East 
  Gal- 
  

   latin 
  westward 
  beyond 
  the 
  Madison 
  Biver, 
  The 
  streams 
  which 
  traverse 
  

   it 
  are 
  the 
  Madison, 
  the 
  Gallatin, 
  and 
  several 
  large 
  branches 
  of 
  the 
  latter, 
  

   among 
  which 
  are 
  Middle 
  Creek, 
  Bozeman 
  Creek, 
  and 
  the 
  East 
  Gallatin 
  

   Biver. 
  These 
  streams 
  have 
  broad 
  bottom-lands, 
  covered 
  with 
  grasses 
  

   and 
  scattered 
  groves 
  of 
  cottonwoods 
  and 
  willows. 
  

  

  The 
  valley 
  is 
  covered 
  with 
  a 
  fine 
  growth 
  of 
  bunch-grass 
  and 
  some 
  

   sage. 
  Probably 
  the 
  entire 
  area 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  can 
  easily 
  be 
  burned 
  over. 
  

  

  The 
  Gallatin 
  and 
  its 
  branches 
  above 
  this 
  valley 
  are 
  in 
  elose 
  caTion 
  in 
  

   a 
  lieavilv 
  timbered 
  mountain 
  countrv. 
  

  

  