﻿286 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  northward 
  from 
  the 
  railroad 
  toward 
  the 
  upper 
  waters 
  of 
  Ham's 
  Fork, 
  

   the 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  improves, 
  and 
  grass 
  predominates. 
  This 
  continues 
  

   northward 
  nearly 
  to 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  Ham's 
  Fork, 
  where 
  timber 
  usurps 
  the 
  

   soil. 
  

  

  Turning 
  now 
  to 
  the 
  headwaters 
  of 
  the 
  Snake 
  Biver, 
  the 
  southern 
  fork 
  

   of 
  the 
  Columbia, 
  we 
  find 
  ourselves 
  in 
  a 
  different 
  region. 
  It 
  is 
  in 
  large 
  

   part 
  mountainous, 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  open 
  valleys, 
  most 
  of 
  

   which 
  are 
  small, 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  heavily 
  timbered. 
  Indeed, 
  this 
  region 
  about 
  

   the 
  heads 
  of 
  the 
  Snake, 
  the 
  Yellowstone, 
  and 
  Madison 
  Eivers, 
  embraced 
  

   almost 
  entirely 
  in 
  the 
  Yellowstone 
  Park, 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  densely 
  timbered 
  

   region 
  in 
  the 
  West, 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  Washington 
  Territory 
  and 
  the 
  

   western 
  part 
  of 
  Oregon. 
  

  

  The 
  Snake 
  heads 
  in 
  a 
  country 
  of 
  high 
  mountains 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  Green 
  

   Eiver 
  Basin, 
  including 
  the 
  southern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Yellowstone 
  Park. 
  Its 
  

   most 
  northern 
  branch, 
  Lewis's 
  Fork, 
  takes 
  its 
  rise 
  in 
  Shoshone 
  Lake, 
  

   whence 
  it 
  flows 
  southward. 
  In 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  it 
  is 
  joined 
  by 
  a 
  large 
  stream 
  

   from 
  the 
  east. 
  Both 
  these 
  streams 
  flow 
  through 
  a 
  heavily 
  timbered 
  

   country, 
  where 
  the 
  grassy 
  openings 
  are 
  of 
  a 
  very 
  limited 
  extent. 
  

  

  Below 
  their 
  junction 
  the 
  river 
  keeps 
  its 
  southerly 
  course, 
  through 
  a 
  

   narrow 
  wooded 
  valley, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  Jackson's 
  Hole, 
  at 
  the 
  east 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  

   Teton 
  Eange. 
  On 
  either 
  side, 
  the 
  mountains 
  are 
  heavily 
  wooded 
  up 
  to 
  

   the 
  timber 
  line, 
  which 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  is 
  at 
  about 
  10,000 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  

   sea. 
  

  

  Jackson's 
  Hole 
  is 
  a 
  large 
  open 
  valley 
  35 
  miles 
  long 
  by 
  10 
  miles 
  in 
  

   width, 
  its 
  length 
  being 
  in 
  a 
  north 
  and 
  south 
  direction. 
  Near 
  its 
  head, 
  

   on 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  river, 
  its 
  surface 
  is 
  made 
  up 
  of 
  low 
  irregular 
  

   hills 
  of 
  moraine 
  deposits, 
  which 
  are 
  very 
  sparsely 
  timbered, 
  and 
  other- 
  

   wise 
  covered 
  with 
  sage 
  and 
  grass, 
  the 
  former 
  being 
  the 
  dominant 
  growth. 
  

   On 
  the 
  east 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  the 
  open 
  valley 
  is 
  several 
  miles 
  in 
  breadth, 
  

   and 
  extends 
  far 
  up 
  two 
  large 
  branches 
  known 
  respectively 
  as 
  Buffalo 
  

   Fork 
  and 
  Gros 
  Ventre 
  Creek, 
  which 
  here 
  enter 
  the 
  Snake 
  from 
  the 
  east. 
  

   In 
  this 
  part, 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  is 
  but 
  slightly 
  broken 
  and 
  is 
  well 
  

   grassed, 
  with 
  a 
  due 
  mixture 
  of 
  sage. 
  

  

  Farther 
  down 
  the 
  valley 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  river, 
  that 
  is, 
  below 
  

   the 
  foot 
  of 
  Jackson's 
  Lake, 
  the 
  surface 
  is 
  largely 
  made 
  up 
  of 
  bench 
  land, 
  

   producing 
  a 
  simiiar 
  mixture 
  of 
  vegetation, 
  while 
  the 
  river 
  which 
  here 
  

   flows 
  near 
  the 
  eastern 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  has 
  a 
  bottom 
  land 
  fully 
  two 
  

   miles 
  in 
  width, 
  which 
  supports 
  a 
  dense 
  growth 
  of 
  large 
  willows 
  and 
  

   cottonwoods. 
  This 
  broad 
  timbered 
  bottom 
  land 
  accompanies 
  the 
  river 
  

   to 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  valley, 
  while 
  the 
  river 
  itself 
  gradually 
  moves 
  diag- 
  

   onally 
  across 
  the 
  valley 
  to 
  its 
  western 
  side, 
  leaving 
  a 
  broad 
  grassy 
  area 
  

   on 
  the 
  east, 
  below 
  the 
  Gros 
  Ventre 
  Buttes. 
  

  

  Nearly 
  all 
  of 
  this 
  valley 
  is 
  burnable, 
  the 
  exception 
  being 
  the 
  broad, 
  

   timbered 
  bottom 
  land 
  along 
  the 
  Snake. 
  The 
  soil 
  throughout 
  is 
  gravelly, 
  

   being 
  coarsest 
  in 
  the 
  northern 
  part 
  on 
  and 
  near 
  the 
  morainal 
  deposits 
  

   mentioned 
  above. 
  

  

  