SOCIOLOGICAL CIRCULAR. 63 



extent over persons and property in matters civil and criminal ; 

 exceptions to it : 



(fi.) Offices, their kinds, the powers annexed to them, the terms for 

 which and on which they are held ; the mode of succession, e.g., gen- 

 eral election, election by a few, election within a gi'oup, inheritance, 

 etc. : 



(7.) Assembles or councils and the questions treated at them ; how 

 and by whom they are summoned ; in whom resides the right of 

 debate and franchise in the several assemblies of the family, gens, 

 band, tribe, or nation : 



(8. ) Property, its admitted classes inside the family and tribe ; 

 joint proprietorship how acquired, held, managed, aliened ; whether 

 common ownership is acknowledged, and in what respects it is distin- 

 guished from joint ownership ; whether private property is allowed ; 

 if so. how acquired, enjoyed, transfen-ed, or lost ; whether succession 

 to it is permitted; if so, within what degrees; if not, how it is dis- 

 posed of, e.g., buried with body on death of owner, burnt, or other- 

 wise destroyed : 



(9.) Division of labor and duty, civil and military, and how appor- 

 tioned, e.g., to chiefs, sub-chiefs, ordinary male m.euibers, ordinary 

 female members, immature children ; methods and extent of produc- 

 tion, modes and measures of distribution, the means of support of 

 family or tribe, the interior economy of family and gens or band ; the 

 modes of bargain and sale in use ; by whom corulucted ; the use of 

 gifts : 



(10.) The settlement of disputes or conflicting claims as between 

 (a) members of same sub-family, (h) family, (c) different families 

 or sub-families, (d) bands, groups or gentes, (e) tribes, (f) nations ; 

 in whom resides the civil and in whom the criminal power, by tradi- 

 tion or custom ; how and by whom dooms are pronounced and 

 inflicted ; whether punishments as between the tribes are corporate 

 or individual ; the compounding of crimes and offences, e.g., murder, 

 theft ; to what extent the bond of blood-feud binds ; ostracism, sur- 

 render of offender, death penalty ; in what cases practiced ; the effect 

 of vows upon the performance of contract : 



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