THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 
7 
unite together in the region of the Upper Nile. Thence 
they pass to the Red Sea near Berbera, and continue as 
the valley of this sea itself as far as the Gulf of Acabah, and 
even through the Dead Sea to the valleys of the Jordan. 
In the western arm of these great valleys and north of Tan- 
ganyika there lie the lakes Kivu, the Albert Edward and 
the Albert Nyanzas. After returning from the first Tan- 
ganyika expedition, none of these more northerly lakes were 
zoologically known, nor had the remaining great African 
lakes, the Victoria Nyanza and the chain of lakes in 
association with Rudolf, been sufficiently minutely examined 
to show whether the halolimnic fauna existed in them or not. 
When, therefore, we took into account the fact that both 
the great series of valleys united and extended as far as the 
Red Sea, it appeared on the face of it, at least possible that 
the halolimnic fauna, or something equivalent to it, would be 
found in the lakes north of Tanganyika, whenever these 
lakes came to be zoologically explored, and that the western 
series of valleys might itself turn out to be the channel 
along which the sea had reached the lake. Moreover, the 
districts north of Tanganyika through Lake Kivu, as far as 
the Albert Nyanza, and including the Mountains of the 
Moon, were an almost complete terra incognita from a geo- 
graphical point of view. A large stretch of this country was 
uncharted, and thus a further journey offered exceptional 
opportunities for geographical work in the hands of a com- 
petent surveyor. It was this aspect of future exploration in 
these regions which gave them a distinctly geographical 
interest, and enabled the proposal of a second Tanganyika 
expedition to be supported by the promise of a very liberal 
grant from the Royal Geographical Society. Such an 
expedition was thus to be recommended on zoological, on 
geological, and on geographical grounds, and these three 
