CONTENTS. 
xi 
PAGE 
the Shiri Highlands — Nature of the south Nyassa region — Changes in the 
geological character of this region in the latitude of Mount Waller — Extent 
of the Mount Waller sandstones — Relation of these deposits to the other 
African sediments — Later deposits above them — Drummond’s beds — -African 
lake pleistocenes — Arrangement of these different deposits — Extent of Drum- 
mond’s beds — Vast extent of the old African sandstones — Demonstration of 
the existence of a great depression in the region of the lakes before the forma- 
tion of the Great Central Range — The broad features of the past history of 
these regions ............ 54 
CHAPTER V. 
THE GEOLOGICAL TOPOGRAPHY OF THE REGION NORTH OF 
TANGANYIKA TO THE ALBERT NYANZA. 
Want of knowledge of the districts north of Tanganyika — Importance of these 
districts in the consideration of the Tanganyika problem — Wide geographical 
effects produced by the recent formation of the Mfumbiro Mountains — 
Character of the country north of Tanganyika to Kivu — Former short exten- 
sion of Tanganyika north — Absence of any former connection of Tanganyika 
with Kivu — Characters of the Rusisi channel — Characters of the Kivu basin — 
Peculiarity of the Kivu water — The north shore of Kivu and the Mfumbiro 
Mountains — The volcanoes form a dam across the lake valley — Character of 
these mountains — The valley of Kivu continued beyond them northwards — 
The fauna of Lake Kivu is totally different from that of Tanganyika, but 
similar to that of the Albert Edward Nyanza — Former connection of Kivu and 
the Albert Edward — The volcanoes have resulted in the outflow of the Kivu 
being turned into Tanganyika and a corresponding shrinking of the waters of 
the Nile — The effect of this on the districts north of Kivu — The effect of this 
on the districts south of Kivu — Relation of the Mountains of the Moon to the 
Great Central Valley of the Lakes — Structural peculiarities of these mountains 
They are an accentuation of the folding characteristic of the region of the 
Great Central Range — Misapprehensions of Sir Harry Johnston ... 76 
CHAPTER VI. 
AFRICAN PARK LANDS, THEIR APPEARANCE ON ALLUVIAL FLATS 
CONSIDERED AS EVIDENCE OF RECENT PHYSICAL CHANGE. 
Characters of African Park lands — Artificial appearance of these districts — Their 
vast extent — Impermanance of Park scenery — A park is an artificial product — 
Relation of African parks to alluvial plains — Zoned character of the vegetation 
on freshly-formed alluvial plains — The relation of Euphorbias to bush patches 
— Gradual conversion of bush patches into forest — The production of an 
African park marks a phase in a gradual physical change . . . .107 
