THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 
79 
Ujiji. Our knowledge of the physiographical features of 
the country round Lake Kivu, the Mfumbiro Mountains, 
the Albert Edward Nyanza, and down the course of 
the Semliki River to the Albert Nyanza, was limited 
to some scrappy information gleaned from the observa- 
tions and descriptions given by two or three travellers 
who had crossed the country from east to west. Thus, 
beginning in the south, both Baumann and Scott Elliott 
saw that the valley, in which Tanganyika lies, is con- 
tinued north beyond the lake as a sort of channel among 
the hills. Gotzen, crossing the continent about 150 miles 
further north from east to west, along the north shore 
of Lake Kivu, gave a very clear idea of what he saw of the 
valley of this lake, which could be traced beyond the 
Mfumbiro volcanoes in the direction of the Albert Edward 
Nyanza, while Stanley, and after him Stuhlmann, had 
examined the country which lies along the course of 
portions of the Semliki River to the west of the Ruwenzori 
Mountains. 
When, therefore, these observations were considered 
together, it appeared probable, as, indeed, Suess had sup- 
posed, that the valley of Tanganyika was continued through 
the region of Kivu, the Albert Edward and the Albert 
Lakes, into the region of the Upper Nile, where it became 
confluent with the lesser eastern series of clefts in the region 
of Lake Rudolf. The mere possibility of this made the 
ascertainment of the character and structure of the districts 
lying between the north end of Tanganyika and the Albert 
Nyanza a matter of very great importance in dealing with 
the problem presented by the marine life of Tanganyika at 
the present day. For it might have been that an arm of 
the sea at one time stretched into Africa along these 
depressions, just in the same way as the Red Sea stretches 
