THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 
I 2 I 
Beginning in the south these lakes are : — Shirwa, Nyassa, 
Kela, Bangweolo, Rukwa, Mwero, Tanganyika, Kivu, the 
Albert Edward Nyanza, the Albert Nyanza, the Victoria 
Nyanza, the chain of lakes in association with Beringo, and 
Lake Rudolf. 
The lakes actually examined during the Tanganyika 
expeditions were : — 
Shirwa, Nyassa, Kela, Tanganyika, Kivu, the Albert 
Edward Nyanza, the Albert Nyanza, the Victoria Nyanza, 
and Lake Nivasha. 
For our information about Lake Bangweolo we are 
dependent upon the observations of Livingstone, Weatherley, 
and the late M. Foa. Rukwa has been examined geo- 
graphically by Mr. Wallace, and some information respect- 
ing its fauna was collected by the German explorer, 
Dr. Fulleborn. 
Mwero has been examined, and the general characteristics 
of its fauna been ascertained through the exertions of Mr. 
Crawshay and H.M. Commissioner, Mr. Alfred Sharp. 
Beringo and the minor lakes in association with it were 
examined by Professor Gregory ; while for Rudolf we are 
dependent on the somewhat scanty observations made by 
Messrs. Donaldson Smith, Cavendish and Harrison. 
In making a general survey of the faunistic characters of 
these usually vast and often remotely isolated inland waters, . 
it will perhaps be most convenient to begin with what is 
known of the fauna of Lake Nyassa. The faunistic 
characters of this lake are to a large extent typical of those 
in the majority of the African lakes, and are an indi- 
vidualisation of what rnay be called the fresh-water fauna of 
Africa generally, this in turn being but a slight modification 
of the fresh-water fauna of the world. 
Nyassa lies in an immensely long and relatively narrow 
