THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 
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21. Synodontis granulosus. — Blgr. 1900. (Fig., p. 167.) 
Body feebly compressed, its depth equal to the length of the head, and contained 
3 to 3J times in the total length. Head not or but slightly longer than broad, 
feebly depressed, covered with granular asperities ; frontal fontanelle rather narrow ; 
snout rounded, a little more than half the length of the head ; eye directed upwards, 
its diameter 5I to 6 times in the length of the head, 2S to 2ij times in the width of the 
interocular region, which is slightly convex ; no occipital keel. Lips moderately 
developed ; maxillary barbel simple, as long as or a little longer than the head, and 
not extending beyond the anterior third of the pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels 
inserted on a straight transverse line, the outer j or g the length of the head and 
thrice that of the inner, both with very short branches, especially near the base, 
where they are tubercular. Pnemaxillary teeth small and numerous, forming a 
broad band ; anterior mandibular teeth small, feebly curved, hardly 3 the diameter 
of the eye, and numbering 40 to 42. Gill-cleft not extending interiorly beyond the 
base of the pectoral fin. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose, tectiform, a little longer 
than broad, ending in two rounded points which extend to the level of the base of 
the first soft dorsal ray. Humeral process covered with granular asperities, keeled, 
narrow and sharply pointed, extending nearly as far back as the occipito-nuchal 
shield. The skin of the whole body, including the adipose fin, covered with 
small, closely-set, granular papilla;. Dorsal I. 7 ; spine rather strong, 1.4 times as 
long as the base of the fin, striated and armed behind with 10 to 15 retrorse serne. 
Adipose dorsal 4 times as long as deep, 2k to 3} times as long as its distance from 
the rayed dorsal. Anal III. 8. Pectoral spine very strong, as long as that of the 
dorsal, striated, feebly denticulate on the anterior border, with 15 to 17 strong 
retrorse seme on the posterior border. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply 
notched. Olive above, yellowish beneath ; dorsal, anal and paired fins black in 
front, orange behind ; caudal black, with a broad orange posterior margin. 
Total length, 230 millim. 
Described from three specimens from the north end of Lake Tanganyika, in rather 
deep water. 
22. Synodontis multi punctatus. — Blgr. 1900. (Fig. facing p. 174.) 
Prcemaxillary teeth in 5 or 6 irregular transverse series ; mandibular teeth in a 
single series of 16, feebly curved, simple, measuring hardly diameter of eye. 
Depth of body 3} times in total length ; length of head, 3§. Head scarcely longer 
than broad, slightly convex on the crown ; snout rounded, less than half length of 
head, twice as long as eye ; eye supero-lateral, well visible from above, its diameter 
4} times in length of head, twice in interorbital width. Gill-cleft very narrow, 
not extending below base of pectoral. Maxillary barbel simple, reaching a little 
beyond anterior third of pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels strongly fringed, outer 
a little more than twice as long as inner, and half as long as maxillaries. Dorsal 
II. 7; spine strong, a little shorter than the head, strongly serrated behind in its 
distal half. Adipose fin low, a little shorter than the head, twice as long as its 
distance from the dorsal. Humeral process simply granulate, sharply pointed, not 
extending quite so far as the occipito-nuchal shield, which is i.f as long as broad, 
