308 GEOLOGY AKD MINERALOGY. 



the probably gradual extinction of the northern rhinoceros and elephant, have 

 not yet effected that of the contemporary species of Arctic buffalo. 



GRAPHITE IN METEORIC STONES. 



An analysis of the meteorites which fill at Mezce-niadaras in Transylvania on the 

 24th of September 1852, has been communicated to the Philosophical Magazine by 

 Professor Wcehler and Dr, Atkinson. The analysis shews the presence of nickeli- 

 ferous iron ( Ni 7"4, and Co 0"25 p.c. ) iron pyrites, chrome-iron, schreibersite? 

 olivine, augite, labradorite, and graphite. The latter is of some interest; for al- 

 though previously announced, and on more than one occasion, the presence of gra- 

 phite in meteoric stones has been held in doubt by many observers. 



WOLFRAM. 



The accompanying figure represents a crystallized 

 specimen of Wolfram — (FeO, MnO) WO 3 — discov- 

 ered by the writer in a boulder on the west shore of 

 " Chief 's Island," Lake Couchiching, Canada West. 

 The mass of the boulder consisted of gneiss, travers- 

 ed by a vein of coarse granite, with red orthoclase, 

 in which the specimen was found. Magnetic oxide 

 of iron, in small granular pieces, was also present in 

 the boulder. 



Our specimen exhibits the same peculiarity of structure as that obser?able in 

 the Schemnitz and other crystals. Apart from the proper cleavage directions, it 

 may be readily subdivided parallel to the various planes. The plane 1 is a face of 

 the fundamental octahedron ; Jco, » face of the commonly-occurring macro- 

 dome ; a) , one of the common brachydome ; and oo t , a face of the prism (or 

 vertical) series, exhibiting the usual strise. Although the edges between these 

 planes are sharply cut, and the ptanes themselves exceedingly bright, yet, owing 

 to surface inequalities, no well-defined reflection is obtainable, and hence the mea- 

 sured angles are merely approximative. The following are the means of several 

 measurements, taken under different conditions: Acq: oo =132° 40' ; i oo •' 

 1 - 148° 16' ; oo : 1 = U2° 22' ; i oo : oo S = 117° 6' ; co : oo 2 « 104° 24' ; 

 1 : oo"a 143° 18'. 



Kerndt gives the following values for the ratios of the axes in Wolfram : a: a 

 a - 0-8659 : 1 : 0-8134 ; with oo: = 101° 45', and oo : oo (over the summit) 

 consequently, 98° 13' 17". If the angles of our specimen be calculated from these 

 Talues as a basis, we obtain the results exhibited in the following table.* 



% CO 



' CO _ 



131° 52' 



10" 



i oo 



: 1 = 



149° 20' 



30" 



oo 



: 1 = 



141° 10' 



30" 



i oo : 



0O2" = 



115° 48' 





ft. 



ooa" = 



104° 16 



40" 



Briethaupt subdivides Wolfram into two species : mangano-wolframit and ferro- 

 wolframit. The first has a reddish-brown streak, with G = 6.98-7.17, and the 



