CHEMISTBY. 489 



the first product of oxidation, preceding anisaldehyde. Anisoine C 20 H 12 0* + 

 6 HO+4 0=C 20 H 1 "O 12 . He has examined several of the salts, the silver com- 

 pound is C i0 H 17 O 11 , Ag O.— Ch. Gaz. 325. 



Anilolic Aci /.— Major has examined the acid obtained by Piria by the action 

 of nitric acid upon salicine, to -which he gave the above name, and states it to be 

 identical with nitrosalieylic. Piria denies this, and recommends for its forma- 

 tion the following process : Into a stoppered bottle, 1 part of powdered salicine 

 and 6 to 8 parts of nitric acid of 20° B are put, the bottle is closed and placed 

 in a cool place, hyponitrous acid is formed, the fluid becomes green, and after 

 eome time crystals of auilotic acid separate. If the process be conducted in an 

 open vessel, the liquid becomes yellow, and helicine is formed. The properties 

 of the acid are described. — Ch. Gaz., 325. 



Arachic Acid. — Scheven and Gossmann have described the salts, ether, amide 

 and glyceride of the above acid. Its formula is C 40 H 40 + ; the acid is ob- 

 tained from ground nut oil. — Ch. Gaz., 326. 



Ethylamine. — Emil Meyer has described various salts and double salts of this 

 base, with phosphoric, sulphuric and molybdic acids, <fcc, &c. — Ch. Gaz. 327. 



Acids in the Animal Organism. — Bertagnini finds that camphoric acid passes 

 unchanged into the urine, the anhydrous acid becomes hydrated, anisic acid 

 passps unchanged, salicylic acid rapidly passes into the urine as indicp.ted by the 

 iron test, but a portion becomes converted into a new compound which he calls 

 salicyluric acid, having taken up the elements of glycocine and lost two equiva- 

 lents of water. The acid can be separated by evaporating the urine, separating 

 from the salts, acidulating with hydrochloric acid, shaking with ether, evapora- 

 ting, and recrystallizing. The salicylic acid is removed by heating to 284 — 302 F 

 in a current of air, — the residue is decolorized and crystallized. The formula is 

 C 18 H 9 NO.— Ch. Gaz., 325. 



Saponification. — Pelouze finds that fats can be readily saponified by the anhy- 

 drous oxides or their hydrates in a solid form, if the mixture be heated to 

 482 r F. With suet the soap formed yields from 95 to 96 percent, of the suet 

 operated on. During the reaction a white smoke is evolved with an odour of burnt 

 sugar, that of acetone is also perceptible. 10 parts of anhydrous lime are sufficient 

 for 100 parts of suet, with 12 or 14 the reaction takes place with much greater 

 facility ; but on operating with large quantities it is difficult to keep within bounds 

 so as to prevent decomposition. 



Slaked lime in the proportion of 10 to 12 per cent, rapidly saponifies fats at a 

 temperature between 410° 44*7° F. Two pounds of suet with 120 grammes of 

 slaked lime were saponified in one hour ; if the temperature be raised rapidly to 

 482°, the process may be completed in a few minutes. 



This fact promises to be of very great importance to the manufacturers of the 

 so-called stearine candle-. 



H. C. 



